During the tumultuous era of World War I and the years immediately following, the leadership of the United States had shifted from Wilson to Harding and the mood of the nation from pro-labor to pro-business. Colin Davis introduces readers to the 400,000 railroad shopmen and their working world and to the national government's dynamic influence on labor from 1917 to 1922. Davis's study provides a much-needed synthesis of shifting power relations among labor, capital, and the state, as well as a cogent interpretation of union structural experimentation and failure. It will be of interest to social, political, business, legal, and labor historians.
Key words and phrases U.S. Marshal, Pennsylvania Railroad, Railroad Labor Board, strikebreakers, Harry Daugherty, Warren Harding, Railway Age, Herbert Hoover, shopmen, strike action, Ben Hooper, San Francisco Chronicle, shopcrafts, Southern Pacific Railroad, July 25, REDF, Frank Walsh, Bert Jewell, Guy Goff, Boilermakers |
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References from web pagesMoreebscohost Connection: Power at Odds: The 1922 National Railroad ...
Industrial & Labor Relations Review: The article reviews the book "Power at Odds: The 1922 National Railroad Shopmen's Strike," by Colin J. Davis.
connection.ebscohost.com/ content/ article/ 1032352297.html;jsessionid=377D3781F982CEF1D2A730C7F48430D2.ehctc1 Labor Studies Journal
http://lsj.sagepub.com. Labor Studies Journal. DOI: 10.1177/0160449X9902400216. 1999; 24; 97. Labor Studies Journal. Marcus Widenor. Illinois Press, 1997. ...
lsj.sagepub.com/ cgi/ reprint/ 24/ 2/ 97.pdf Colin J. Davis
Power at Odds: The 1922 National Railroad Shopmen's Strike, by Colin J. Davis. ... http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~lerc/pdfs/widenorvita.pdf ...
unjobs.org/ authors/ colin-j.-davis Power at Odds(Pap) Davis, Colin J. 读后感在线阅读
Power at Odds(Pap) ,Davis, Colin J.,Univ of Illinois Pr
book.danawa.com.cn/ book/ 5675520.html “EMPHATICALLYA ROCK ISLAND TOWN”
H. orton was a classic American railroad town. Found-. ed in 1886 by men associated with the Chicago,. Rock Island & Pacific Railway (familiarly known as ...
www.kshs.org/ publicat/ history/ 2004winter_quastler.pdf IMMIGRATION, THE AMERICAN WEST, AND THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: GERMAN ...
History, Department of. Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research,. Department of History. University of Nebraska ↪ Lincoln. Year ...
digitalcommons.unl.edu/ cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1000& context=historydiss Less Places mentioned in this book Maps KML
 | Cambridge, Mass - Page 228Rise of the National Trade Union: The Development and Significance of Its Structure, Governing Institutions, and Economic Policies (Cambridge, Mass. ... |
| Ogden - Page 207A postal inspector from Ogden reported that the strikers had received "wired" information that the train was carrying Mexican strikebreakers from ... |
| Middletown, New York - Page 12130 Strikers repeated the charge that maintenance-of-way men engaged in shopmen's work at Paducah, Kentucky, and Middletown, New York.31 Railroad ... |
More | Moberly, Missouri - Page 223Strikers on the Wabash Railroad located in Moberly, Missouri reported that "The company is sending locomotives to the American Locomotive Works in ... |
| Creston, Iowa - Page 203 |
| El Paso, Texas - Page 201Their numbers are difficult to ascertain; but information is available for El Paso, Texas, where the number of Mexican American shopmen was high. ... |
| De Leon, Texas - Page 85California; Hoxie, Arkansas; and De Leon, Texas.12 Women and children again played an aggressive role by invading shops and roundhouses. ... |
| Chicago - Page 75The Calumet district of Chicago, in particular, was chosen as a potential recruiting ground by one official, who claimed he would try to pick up men ... |
| Louisville - Page 213Jackson found that in Knoxville, Tennessee (an important junction point for the Southern and Louisville and Nashville Railroads) 13 percent of the ... |
| Cleburne, Texas - Page 233The desperate straits of strikers in Cleburne, Texas, pushed them to look to God for help. They "pledged" to "pray daily" for victory, and set aside ... |
| Williston, North Dakota - Page 75New Rockford, Minot, and Williston, North Dakota; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota.48 The next major responsibility was to feed the new employees. ... |
| Roanoke, Virginia - Page 14For example, the Norfolk and Western Railroad produced its own wheels at its Roanoke, Virginia, plant. The Pennsylvania Railroad at Altoona ran the ... |
| Florence, South Carolina - Page 228Gifford, Chairman at Florence, South Carolina, Atlantic Coast Line System Federation, to Bert Jewell, telegram, Sept. ... |
| Fort Bliss, Texas - Page 201Report to Commanding General, Fort Sam Houston, from RL Howze, Commander, Fort Bliss, Texas, July 26, 1922, War Department, General Staff, ... |
| Nashville - Page 72Paul, the Chicago and Great Western, the Louisville and Nashville, the Minneapolis and St. Paul, the Seaboard Airline, and the Southern Pacific. ... |
| Needles, California - Page 114A great fuss was also made about the stranded passengers in Needles, California. Newspaper reports and comments from railroad officials portrayed a ... |
| San Antonio, Texas - Page 121A striker reported that a superintendent from San Antonio, Texas, "suffered a nervous breakdown . . . and another active foreman heretofore who stayed ... |
| Westport, Conn - Page 180women were employed (Maurine Weiner Greenwald, Women, War, and Work: The Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States [Westport, Conn. ... |
| Fort Wayne - Page 72At Fort Wayne, for example, local authorities swore in 150 guards as deputy sheriffs.30 Other railroads also augmented their regular police forces ... |
| Washington, DC - Page 227Justifying the letter Daugherty explained, "Some people may be talking to you down there [Washington, DC] and annoying you some. ... |
| North Hudson, Wisconsin - Page 81One particular example is that of North Hudson, Wisconsin. The US marshal for the area, WR Chellis, reported on August 7 that the situation at North ... |
| Logan, Indiana - Page 72Two such areas included the Fort Wayne and Logan, Indiana, divisions. Prior to the conflict, the total number of guards stationed at these points was ... |
| Slater, Missouri - Page 85Strikers "persuaded" forty strikebreakers to leave the Chicago and Alton Railroad shops at Slater, Missouri, on July 5. ... |
| St. Cloud, Minnesota - Page 72This tactic was repeated in St. Cloud, Minnesota, where 42 guards were stationed, as were 19 at Hillyard, near Spokane, ... |
| Parsons, Kansas - Page 120Soldiers confronted two men arriving in Parsons, Kansas, and informed them they had to work in the shops or face a prison sentence for trespassing. ... |
| Toledo, Ohio - Page 121A similar incident occurred in Toledo, Ohio, after "A scab machinist [was] scalded very bad over face and breast and stomach. ... |
| St. Louis - Page 149Railroads operating through and around Chicago, Kansas City, St. Louis, and the Twin Cities reported on average 16 percent fewer shopmen.1 Such ... |
| Atlanta, Georgia - Page 207That violence perpetrated by shopmen was isolated was supported by Atlanta, Georgia, Police Chief Hager, who explained that "My investigation of the ... |
| Waycross - Page 95North Carolina state troops arrived in Raleigh, Georgia troops were dispatched to Waycross, and the Kentucky National Guard encamped at Central City ... |
| Sayre, Pennsylvania - Page 12128 Reacting to complaints that his members were engaged in doing shopmen's work at Sayre, Pennsylvania, Warren Stone promised that if such was the ... |
| Breckenridge, Minnesota - Page 75In its eastern region, the Great Northern constructed two bunk houses at Willmar, Minnesota, and single bunk houses at Breckenridge, Minnesota; ... |
| Knoxville, Tennessee - Page 12125 New York City scab William Tracey was injured while working for the Southern Railroad at Knoxville, Tennessee, "when someone turned on the steam ... |
| Willmar, Minnesota - Page 75In its eastern region, the Great Northern constructed two bunk houses at Willmar, Minnesota, and single bunk houses at Breckenridge, Minnesota; ... |
| Ithaca, NY - Page 214Spy reports can be misleading but for good examples of their use see Gary Fink, The Fulton Bag and the Cotton Mills Strike 0/1914-1915 (Ithaca, NY: ... |
| Quincy, Massachusetts - Page 123The shipyards in these areas expressed an interest in locomotive repair, but only in the case of the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, ... |
| Paterson, New Jersey - Page 123American Locomotive workers at Paterson, New Jersey, however, went on strike August 8 after refusing to repair rolling stock. ... |
| New York - Page 214The subsidiary lines were the New Jersey and New York, the Northern Railroad of New Jersey, the New York, Susquehanna and Western, and the Greenwood ... |
| Marion, Ohio - Page 75on its properties at Secaucus, New Jersey; Port Jervis, Hornell, and Salamanca, New York; Youngstown, Kent, and Marion, Ohio; and Huntington, Indiana. ... |
| Fitzgerald, Georgia - Page 23anyone in town [Fitzgerald, Georgia], always remained a machinist's helper while younger whites, who learned their work from him, became machinists. ... |
| Bloomington, Illinois - Page 859 The railroad town of Bloomington, Illinois, was another site for a mass invasion of the shops and roundhouse. Angered by the large numbers of ... |
| Fort Sam Houston, Texas - Page 201Memorandum, Subject: Labor Situation, to Commanding General, Eighth Corps Area, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, from Robert L. ... |
| Baltimore - Page 144 |
| Houston - Page 126 |
| Dunkirk, New York - Page 123On August 11, 1400 workers of the company also walked out at the Dunkirk, New York, shops.38 The Swift's and Armour Car Works of Chicago was another ... |
| Bucyrus, Ohio - Page 75For example, two Bucyrus, Ohio, newspapers, the Evening Telegraph and the Daily Forum, declined to accept advertisements for jobs that "require[d] the ... |
| Schenectady - Page 123its plants in Schenectady and Montreal, for example, continued to supply cars and repair locomotives throughout the duration of the strike. ... |
| Denison, Texas - Page 95troop occupation often merely raised the stakes of the conflict, as was clearly the case in Denison, Texas, when strikers and troops exchanged gunfire ... |
| Milwaukee - Page 74The Chicag0, Milwaukee and St. Paul, advertising for replacement workers in the Chicago Tribune, contended that the "Railroad Labor Board has ... |
| Clancy, Montana - Page 68Other weak points included the roundhouses of Clancy, Montana; Rugby, North Dakota; and Anacortes, Washington.16 In California, a local strike ... |
| Philadelphia, Pa - Page 218 |
| Gary, Indiana - Page 209 |
| Montreal - Page 123its plants in Schenectady and Montreal, for example, continued to supply cars and repair locomotives throughout the duration of the strike. ... |
| Kansas City - Page 79In Kansas City an executive board member of the "Loyal Star Department" of the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen explained: "The women of the six crafts ... |
| Lafayette, Louisiana - Page 233Chapman Singleton, Lafayette, Louisiana, to LS Gordon, Secretary Treasurer, Southern Pacific System Federation, Oct. ... |
| Secaucus, New Jersey - Page 75The Erie, for example, built nine stockades on its properties at Secaucus, New Jersey; Port Jervis, Hornell, and Salamanca, New York; Youngstown, ... |
| Salamanca, New York - Page 75The Erie, for example, built nine stockades on its properties at Secaucus, New Jersey; Port Jervis, Hornell, and Salamanca, New York; Youngstown, ... |
| Rugby, North Dakota - Page 68Other weak points included the roundhouses of Clancy, Montana; Rugby, North Dakota; and Anacortes, Washington.16 In California, a local strike ... |
| Peru, Indiana - Page 222 |
| Spokane - Page 72Cloud, Minnesota, where 42 guards were stationed, as were 19 at Hillyard, near Spokane,. Table 8, continued Number of Extra Ratio of Guards Railroad ... |
| Eagle Grove, Iowa - Page 92Following complaints of Phelan's aggressive behavior at Eagle Grove, Iowa, Marshal Fred Davis arrived to investigate. ... |
| Corbin, Kentucky - Page 113Corbin, Kentucky, a major junction point, was brought to a standstill, resulting in the closure of the Harlan coal fields (this area alone had normal ... |
| Weehawken, NJ - Page 83Railroad and police officials examining the effects of a bomb explosion on the Central of New Jersey near Weehawken, NJ, on Aug. ... |
| Paducah, Kentucky - Page 12130 Strikers repeated the charge that maintenance-of-way men engaged in shopmen's work at Paducah, Kentucky, and Middletown, New York.31 Railroad ... |
| Huntington, Indiana - Page 75on its properties at Secaucus, New Jersey; Port Jervis, Hornell, and Salamanca, New York; Youngstown, Kent, and Marion, Ohio; and Huntington, Indiana. ... |
| Hannibal, Missouri - Page 91This request was granted.37 Hannibal, Missouri, became another focal point for the Justice Department. The US marshal informed Katy and Wabash ... |
| Sioux Falls, South Dakota - Page 75New Rockford, Minot, and Williston, North Dakota; and Sioux Falls, South Dakota.48 The next major responsibility was to feed the new employees. ... |
| Sparks, Nevada - Page 70Japanese shopmen in Sparks, Nevada, "assured" the local organization that they "would not return to work until the strike was settled. ... |
| Denver - Page 99Denver have resorted to the novel form of annoyance to strikebreakers of painting their houses yellow and in prominent places the word 'SCAB' is ... |
| Savannah, Georgia - Page 212 |
| Aurora, Nebraska - Page 136This message was echoed by strikers at Aurora, Nebraska: "Trusting . . . you will not see fit to make separate agreements with any of them, ... |
| Altoona - Page 124After first trying this at Altoona (the main shop on the system), officials urged that other districts of the railroad employ the same tactic. ... |
| Lovilia, Iowa - Page 93Sheriff Dearinger of Lovilia, Iowa, complained that "railroad officials had overemphasized the seriousness" of. |
| New Haven - Page 188AR Whaley, president, New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, to WB Wilson, telegram, Feb. 28, 1916; WB Wilson to AR Whaley, telegram, Feb. ... |
| Newport News, Virginia - Page 224Dry Dock Company of Newport News, Virginia, Great Lakes Shipbuilding Company, and the Shipbuilding Company of Cleveland (New York Times, July 25, ... |
| Winslow, Arizona - Page 200Strike Report to Bert Jewell from JW West, general chairman carmen, July 7, 1922, REDF, box 99, folder 1; DE Morey, Chairman at Winslow, Arizona, ... |
| Chesapeake - Page 225 |
| Clinton, Illinois - Page 9555 Clinton, Illinois, also received state troops, as did Parsons, Herrington, and Topeka, Kansas. In Missouri, troops encamped at such striker centers ... |
| Buffalo - Page 66This method was also employed by striking shopmen in Buffalo. The major railroad lines using this center included the New York Central, Pennsylvania, ... |
| Easton, Pennsylvania - Page 79On the following day in Easton, Pennsylvania, women and children waylaid strikebreakers and scabs going to work at the Lehigh Valley shops and ... |
| Burnside, Illinois - Page 127This tactic was also used in Burnside, Illinois, on August 20, when another three thousand shopmen marched. To enhance their image as responsible ... |
| Albuquerque - Page 15212 Initially reluctant to organize women as auxiliaries, strikers in Albuquerque recognized their error: "We made a mistake here in not earlier ... |
| Roodhouse, Illinois - Page 97sympathizers were blamed for tarring and feathering Bert Dickson, a roundhouse foreman for the Chicago and Alton Railroad, at Roodhouse, Illinois. ... |
| Great Falls, Montana - Page 45The strike, which started in Great Falls, Montana, quickly spread eastward to Chicago. The number of shopmen involved in the stoppage is difficult to ... |
| Sedalia, Missouri - Page 147McGrath, visiting Sedalia, Missouri, explained on December 27 that he would respond to invitations to attend meetings from strikers in Missouri and ... |
| Monroe, Louisiana - Page 210box 3374; Monroe, Louisiana, Postal Inspector McKinley also received information from the Vicksburg, Shreveport and Pacific Railway (VS&P). ... |
| Pittsburgh - Page 143the president of the B&O system federation, exacted an agreement from Willard to start an experimental plan at the Glenwood shops, outside Pittsburgh. ... |
| Joliet - Page 113Just as Pennsylvania Railroad officials feared, the walkout of the Big Four workers at Joliet soon spread both eastward and westward. ... |
| Huntington, West Virginia - Page 127One shop federation from Huntington, West Virginia, called for a "national hour of prayer imploring almighty God for his blessing on our cause. ... |
| Wooster, Ohio - Page 163Thus the railroads continued limited freight deliveries at the expense of canceled commuter trains.55 HR Smith, a hotel owner in Wooster, Ohio, ... |
| Columbus, Ohio - Page 142One group that had been sent from the northwestern region to work on the Norfolk and Western Railroad was ordered to Columbus, Ohio. ... |
| Omaha, Nebraska - Page 66One such meeting took place in Omaha, Nebraska, and was attended by William Hannon, an IAM executive officer. Hannon explained that the Labor Temple ... |
| Whitefish, Montana - Page 1174 In the Northwest the Great Northern Railroad hired sailors to work at their shops at Whitefish, Montana. Obviously, the railroad searched far and ... |
| Pensacola, Florida - Page 69A similar promise was given black strikers at Pensacola, Florida. Local strike leader GH Waugh, although recognizing that the African American ... |
| Superior, Wisconsin - Page 86A Great Northern Railroad train carrying guards and strikebreakers was stopped on August 12 in Superior, Wisconsin. ... |
| Jacksonville, Florida - Page 66The Seaboard Air Line leaders were concentrated in three major centers: Jacksonville, Florida; Savannah, Georgia; and Portsmouth, Virginia. ... |
| Tacoma, Wash - Page 221RA Roberts, Memorandum Briefly Descriptive of the More Impressive Features of Experiences in the Tacoma, Wash. Shop of the CM & St. P. ... |
| Roseville, California - Page 77The town of Roseville, California, was a good example of this phenomenon. The mayor, the chief of police, and the city council members were all former ... |
| Anacortes, Washington - Page 68Other weak points included the roundhouses of Clancy, Montana; Rugby, North Dakota; and Anacortes, Washington.16 In California, a local strike ... |
| San Jose - Page 68and Anacortes, Washington.16 In California, a local strike official reported that "Fresno and San Jose did not respond as they should have done. ... |
| Moscow - Page 209 |
Popular passagesWe have taken the ground, and we think justly, that employers and employes have a mutual interest in securing the largest possible production with a given amount of labor; the larger the amount that is produced, the larger the amount that is available for distribution ; that their interests only diverge when it comes to a determination of the share that should go to each and the methods under which the material should be produced. Page 187 Rights Scrapbook, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Mississippi. 28. For the concept of honor and its historical applications, see Edward L. Ayers, Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the... Page 213 no discrimination will be made in the employment, retention or conditions of employment of employees because of membership or nonmembership in labor organizations. Page 37 David Montgomery, Workers' Control in America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979... Page 176 It had become unmistakably plain that only under Government administration can the entire equipment of the several systems of transportation be fully and unreservedly thrown into a common service without injurious discrimination against particular properties. Only under Government administration can an absolutely unrestricted and unembarrassed common use be made of all tracks, terminals, terminal facilities and equipment of every kind. Only under that authority can new terminals be constructed and... Page 36 ... using, causing, or consenting to the use of any of the funds or moneys of said labor organizations in aid of or to promote or encourage the doing of any of the matters or things hereinbefore complained of. Page 131 As soon as the employees found that we were arrested, and taken from the scene of action, they became demoralized, and that ended the strike. It was not the soldiers that ended the strike. It was not the old brotherhoods that ended the strike. Page 169 Eric Arnesen, Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics, 1863-1923 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). Page 202 His speeches leave the impression of an army of pompous phrases moving over the landscape in search of an idea. Sometimes these meandering words would actually capture a straggling thought and bear it triumphantly a prisoner in their midst until it died of servitude and overwork. Page 194 To Study the People: The American Working Class... Page 174 LessOther editions | by Colin John Davis
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