A Dictionary of Neurological Signs: Clinical NeurosemiologyNeurology has always been a discipline in which careful physical examination is paramount. The rich vocabulary of neurology replete with eponyms attests to this historically. The decline in the importance of the examination has long been predicted with the advent of more detailed neuroimaging. However, neuroimaging has often provided a surfeit of information from which salient features have to be identified, dependent upon the neurological examination. A dictionary of neurological signs has a secure future. A dictionary should be informative but unless it is unwieldy, it cannot be comprehensive, nor is that claimed here. Andrew Larner has decided sensibly to include key features of the history as well as the examination. There is no doubt that some features of the history can strike one with the force of a physical sign. There are entries for “palinopsia” and “environmental tilt” both of which can only be elicited from the history and yet which have considerable significance. There is also an entry for the “head turning sign” observed during the history taking itself as well as the majority of entries relating to details of the physical examination. This book is directed to students and will be valuable to medical students, trainee neurologists, and professions allied to medicine. Neurologists often speak in shorthand and so entries such as “absence” and “freezing” are sensible and helpful. |
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abulia afferent akinesia akinetic mutism alexia Alzheimer's disease anosognosia apraxia associated ataxia atrophy behaviour bilateral Brain brainstem Broca's aphasia bulbar causes cerebellar cerebral clinical coma contralateral cortex cortical corticospinal Cross References damage delirium dementia demyelination diagnosis diplopia dysarthria dysfunction dystonia eye movements fasciculations feature fibres flexion flexor frontal lobe FRONTAL RELEASE SIGNS gait grasp reflex hemianopia hemiparesis hemisphere hyperreflexia idiopathic impaired infarction involuntary ipsilateral jerk Journal of Neurology lesions limb localising loss lower motor neurone Marsden CD medial MOTOR NEURONE SYNDROME movement disorder multiple sclerosis muscle MYELOPATHY myoclonus myotonia nerve palsy Neurology neuropathy Neurosurgery and Psychiatry normal nystagmus occur ocular oculomotor ophthalmoplegia Parkinson's disease PARKINSONISM pathology pathways patients peripheral phenomenon posterior posture proprioception prosopagnosia pseudobulbar palsy ptosis pupillary retinal rigidity Robertson pupil saccades scotoma seen seizures sensory spasticity speech spinal cord Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome stimulus supranuclear synkinesis tremor tumour unilateral upper motor neurone usually vestibular visual agnosia weakness