A Manual of the Steam Engine: For Engineers and Technical Schools (advanced Courses)

Robert Henry Thurston

John Wiley & Sons, 1900 - Steam-engines

Contents

• Heat Engines classified: 2
• Origin of the Steamengine: 3
• Early Knowledge of Steam: 5
• Saverys Fireengine: 8
• Performance of Saverys Engine II: 12
• Its Merits and Demerits: 16
• James Watt: 18
• The Newcomen Mode: 19
• Watts Singleacting Engine: 22
• Watts Doubleacting Engine: 23
• Later Pumping Engines: 27
• Classification of Engines into Types 82: 28
• Steamengines classed 83 85: 29
• General Principles of Construction: 31
• 87: 32
• The Stationary Engine: 33
• The Locomotive Engine Steam Fireengines: 34
• Highspeed and Lowspeed Engines Simple and Compound Forms 116: 36
• Pumpingengines: 37
• Portable Engines Agricultural Engines: 38
• Road Locomotives and Rollers: 39
• The Locomotiveengines: 40
• Marine Engines: 41
• Standard Forms Compound Screwengine: 42
• Adaptation of Structure to increasing Steampressure: 43
• Peculiar Types of Steamengine Experimental Engines: 44
• The Scope of the Philosophy of Heatengines: 45
• Nature of the Processes studied: 46
• Character Source and Transformations of Energy: 47
• Chemical Principles involved: 48
• Physical Principles Thermodynamics: 49
• Mechanical Principles: 50
• Energetics and Thermodynamics: 51
• The Ideal and the Real Engine: 52
• Nature of the Scientific Problem: 53
• Outline of the Progress of this Philosophy: 54
• Early Marine Engines: 55
• The Science of Thermodynamics: 56
• General Theory of Steamengines: 57
• Carnots Work De Pambour Tate: 58
• Clausiuss Labors: 59
• Rankine and his Work Thomson: 60
• The Thermodynamics of Today: 61
• Watts and Smeatons Discoveries: 63
• Recent Use of Multiplecylinder Engines: 68
• Status of the Theory of 1850: 69
• Process of Development of the Steamengine: 73
• The Philosophical Study of this Development: 77
• CHAPTER IV: 82
• ART PAGE 100 Regnaults Work Stored Energy in Steam Steam Power 383: 101
• Mathematical Treatment of Engineefficiencies: 173
• The Several Efficiencies of the Engine: 174
• Thermodynamic Efficiency: 175
• Thermodynamic Demand for Heat Steam Fuel: 176
• Actual Efficiency of Working Substance: 177
• Estimates of Heat Steam Fuel: 178
• Efficiency of the Machine and the Engine: 179
• Actual Thermal Lines and Curves of Efficiency: 180
• Ratios of Expansion at Maximum Efficiencies: 181
• Size of Engines Efficiency of Capital: 182
• Efficiencies of the Ideal Engine: 183
• Rankines Diagram of Ideal Efficiency: 184
• Theory of Efficiencies for Real Engines: 185
• Curves of Efficiency for Real Engines: 186
• Thurstons Curves of Real Efficiency: 187
• Solution of Practical Problems: 188
• DESIGN OF THE STEAMENGINE II VALVES AND VALVEMOTIONS: 197
• PAGE: 200
• Limitations of Thermodynamic Theory: 267
• REGULATION GOVERNORS FLYWHEELS INERTIAEFFECTS IV CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION V OPERATION CARE AND MANAGE...: 281
• THERMODYNAMICS OF THE GASES AND VAPORS: 296
• Newtons Laws and Energetics: 305
• ENGINE AND BOILER TRIALS VII SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTRACTS VIII FINANCE COSTS AND ESTIMATES: 311
• Basis and Laws of Thermodynamics: 312
• The Steamengine and the Second: 319
• External and Internal Work: 381
• tion: 389
• Expansion Thermal Lines for Steam and Vapors: 394
• Construction of the Thermal Lines: 400
• 705: 406
• Cyclical Thermodynamic Operations: 410
• CHAPTER V: 421
• The Steamengine as a Heatengine: 422
• The Real distinguished from the Ideal Engine: 423
• The Wastes of the Steamengine: 426
• The Thermodynamic Wastes: 427
• The Physical or Thermal Wastes: 429
• The Mechanical or Dynamic Wastes Backpressure and Clearance: 430
• The Ideal Cases Heat transformed Adiabatic Condensation: 431
• Special Cases Use of Saturated Steam Jacketed Engines: 444
• Efficiency of Cyclical Operations: 447
• Conditions of Maximum Efficiency: 449
• Theory of Efficiency of Ideal Engines: 450
• Computations of Ideal Engine Efficiencies Examples of Application: 454
• Limit of Actual Engine Efficiency: 466
• Real Engines and their Cycles: 467
• Method of Operation Limits of Temperature: 470
• Methods of Waste in Actual Engines: 471
• Magnitudes and Distribution of Losses Backpressure: 476
• The Unavoidable Thermodynamic Waste in Actual Cases: 482
• Conditions of Maximum Efficiency of Fluids: 483
• Heat and Temperature Absolute Scale: 485
• Methods of Reduction of such Losses: 487
• Steamconsumption Magnitude of Cylindercondensation: 488
• Laws governing Loss by Internal Condensation: 499
• Theory of Internal Condensation and Waste: 517
• Restriction of Cylindercondensation Superheating Steamjackets High Speed: 534
• Friction of Engine and Efficiency of the Machine: 540
• Investigation of Internal Engine Friction: 558
• Variation and Distribution of Internal Friction: 565
• Conditions of Real Maximum Efficiency of Machine: 570
• Conditions of Maximum Total Efficiency of the Steam: 571
• ART PAGE 137 Actual Efficiencies and Economy of proposed Steamengines Com putation of Efficiency and Economy of Real Engines Examples: 572
• CHAPTER VI: 576
• MULTIPLECYLINDER OR COMPOUND ENGINES REDUCING WASTES JACKETS SUPERHEATING: 580
• General Theory of Multiplecylinder Engines: 584
• Quantities of Heat Calorimetry: 586
• The Amelioration of Wastes Jacketing Superheating: 590
• The Problems of Compounding: 592
• The Three Fundamental Principles: 593
• The First Step in Compounding: 596
• Extent of Economical Expansion: 597
• Influence of Superheating Jacketing Enginespeed: 598
• The Number of Cylinders in Series: 600
• Influence of Size of Engine: 604
• Examples of Computations of Efficiency: 611
• General Results of Experiment: 614
• Balance of Forces Efficiency of Mechanism and Distribution of Pressures: 620
• Steamjackets on Simple and Multiplecylinder Engines: 622
• Action of the Jacket in Detail: 627
• Jacketwastes vs Cylinderwastes: 632
• Computation of Efficiency and Jacketwaste: 636
• 709: 643
• Limitations of Jacketaction its Maximum Efficiency: 648
• Jackets on Multiplecylinder Engines: 654
• Jacketing and Superheating: 656
• Temperatures and Pressures in Jackets 558: 659
• Jacketing the Heads and Piston: 661
• Defective Jacketing Air in Jackets: 663
• Experience with Jackets Experimental Results: 664
• Conclusions relative to Jacketing Engineefficiency and the Jacket Testimony: 668
• Superheated Steam as a Working Fluid: 671
• Limit in Superheating Outlook: 675
• Experience and Testimony Conclusions relative to Superheating: 680
• Compression and Clearances Backpressure: 683
• The Binaryvapor System: 697
• Specific Latent and Total Heats Computation of Latent and Total: 713
• 762: 765
• 776: 768
• Relation of Costs and Profits: 772
• Profits at a fixed Expansion 195 Cost of Engine as affecting the Best Ratio of Expansion: 775
• Back Pressure as modifying Economy: 776
• Deductions from the Investigation of Costs 198 Variation of Cylindercondensation: 783
• Efficiency Problems solved by Inspection: 784
• Conclusions relative to Maximum Efficiencies 201 Absolute Limits to Expansion: 786
• Market Values and Coste: 788
• CHAPTER VIII: 789
• Standards of Efficiency 204 Theory of Carnot Cycle for Vapors 205 Carnot and Rankine Cycles Compared 206 Process of Heatstorage: 801
• IRT PAGE 207 Heat of Combustion: 802
• Energy Required: 803
• 789: 805
• 243: 808
• Measures of Efficiency Diagrams: 813
• Computations of Waste: 815
• Equation of Heatexchanges: 818
• Steam in the Engine: 823
• Graphical Illustration of Efficiencies: 827
• Practical Results: 830
• Clearance Losses in Practice: 836
• Study of the Real Case: 840
• Distributions of Energy: 843
• Heatutilization in Series Engines: 852
• Computations of Jacketwater from Trial Data: 854
• Heatflow in the Real Engine: 856
• Real Engine Compared with Ideal: 861
• Thermal Analyses Ideal and Real: 868
• Thermodynamics of the Perfect: 870
• High Steampressures: 876
• Quadrupleexpansion Engine Performance: 879
• Summary Relating to High Pressures: 885
• Purposes of Superheated Steam: 887
• Economic Value: 888
• Promise of Gain at Present: 891
• The Financial Problem Illustrated: 898
• Engines Simple and in Series Compared: 913
• Possible Improvements: 916
• APPENDICES: 923
• 245: 936
• 246: 947
• 251: 955
• 261: 957
• 267: 959
• Thermodynamics of Work and Energy: 962
• Thermodynamics of Imperfect Gases and of Vapors: 969
• NOTES: 991

Bibliographic information

• Title: A Manual of the Steam Engine: For Engineers and Technical Schools (advanced Courses); Part 1 of A Manual of the Steam Engine: For Engineers and Technical Schools, Robert Henry Thurston
• Author: Robert Henry Thurston
• Edition: 5
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 1900
• Original from: University of Chicago
• Digitized: Oct 15, 2012