Agencies in European and Comparative PerspectiveTom Zwart, L. F. M. Verhey The aim of this book is to analyse the role played by agencies in several countries. Since their introduction agencies have risen to prominence in many European systems. Most contributions have been set up as monographs dealing with agencies in a particular jurisdiction. An analysis of the situation in the U.S., which is the birthplace of the agency-concept, is followed by descriptions of several European systems, including the European Union itself. The authors have all used the same format enabling the reader to draw comparative conclusions. In addition, comparative contributions have been provided on the way political oversight has been organised in several countries, and on the standards used by courts when reviewing agency action. |
Contents
Acknowledgments | 1 |
Surveying the Quango State | 19 |
Agencies in France Autorités Administratives Centrales Indépendantes | 37 |
Autonomous Administrative Entities in Italy | 59 |
Agencies and the Netherlands | 79 |
Henk R B M Kummeling and Ton P W Duijkersloot | 113 |
An Essay | 149 |
Aalt Willem Heringa and Luc F M Verhey | 171 |
Common terms and phrases
activities administrative authorities administrative courts Administrative Law agency’s amended appointed Banque de France budget Chamber of Audit CNIL Commission Commissione Committee on Public Community concerned Congress Conseil d'État constitutional controlled private organisations Council Regulation EC created decision-making decisions delegation Directive EFSA EMEA established European Parliament European Union example executive agencies exercise expertise Flinders Framework Act Bill functions implementation independent agencies independent authorities instance institutions interest issue judicial review juristic persons law legal entities legal personality legislative LEwST and IAA limited Management Board ment minister ministerial responsibility nazionale NDPBs Nederlands non-departmental public bodies Office OHIM organs paragraph parliamentary control political President private law proposal Public Administration public entities public law Pursuant to Article Quangos regards relating relevant rules sector Select Committee separation of powers specific statute statutory Stichting stipulates supervision supervisory supra tasks and competences tion transparency