Arctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976: Satellite Passive-microwave Observations, Volume 490Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987 - Microwave remote sensing - 296 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
4-year-average 50°N Figure 90°W Figure actual ice area AIDJEX aircraft April Arctic Ocean AREA 106 km² atmospheric August Baffin Bay Baffin Bay/Davis Strait Barents Seas Basin Bering Sea brightness temperatures Canadian Archipelago central Arctic Convair 990 covered by sea December ESMR data February first-year ice Geophys Gloersen Greenland Sea Hudson Bay ICE AREA 106 ICE CONCENTRATION percent ice coverage ice edge ice pack ice types images Island January July June Kara and Barents Kara Sea Lancaster Sound maps March Mean monthly brightness Mean monthly sea melt ponds meters monthly averaged monthly sea ice months multiyear ice fraction Nimbus 5 ESMR Northern Hemisphere ocean area covered OPEN WATER AREA polynyas pseudo actual ice PSEUDO ICE CONCENTRATION PSEUDO SEA ICE salinity satellite SEA ICE AREA sea ice concentrations sea ice cover sea ice extent Sea of Okhotsk seasonal September square kilometers surface tion winter Year-to-year yearly cycle Zwally
Popular passages
Page 237 - Wilheit, TT, W. Nordberg, J. Blinn, W. Campbell, and A. Edgerton, Aircraft measurements of microwave emission from Arctic sea ice, Remote Sensing Environ., 2, 129-139, 1972. WMO (World Meteorological Organization), WMO Sea-Ice Nomenclature, Terminology, Codes, and Illustrated Glossary, WMO/OMM/BMO No. 259, TP 145, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1970.
Page 93 - In equation 3-3, the first term on the right-hand side represents the contribution to the observed brightness temperature of the surface as seen through the atmosphere, the second is the upwelling radiation from the atmosphere (directed towards the satellite sensor), and the third is the downwelling atmospheric radiation (directed towards the Earth) as observed after reflection at the surface and transmission back through the atmosphere.
Page 285 - NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...
Page 42 - The optical depth (based on radiative power attenuation by a factor of 1/e) is the thickness of the top layer from which approximately 63 percent of the radiation emanates. At the...
Page 233 - Study of Eastern Parry Channel, Contractor Report Series 78-05, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, 1978. Martin, S., A field study of brine drainage and oil entrainment in first-year sea ice, J. Glaciol., 22, 473-502, 1979. Martin, S., and P. Kauffman, A field and laboratory study of wave damping by grease ice, J. Glaciol., 27, 283-313, 1981. Martin, S., P. Kauffman, and C. Parkinson, The movement and decay of ice edge bands in the winter Bering Sea, J.
Page 107 - ... Canadian Archipelago region is unusual because its waters consist of channels and straits amongst numerous islands rather than forming a more coherent, relatively unbroken sea, bay, or ocean. The areas of the eight regions are as follows: Region Area (km2) Arctic Ocean 6,999,617 Sea of Okhotsk 1,206,649 Bering Sea 2,243,490 Hudson Bay 1,160,819 FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB Figure 4-1 . Monthly sea ice extents (concentration exceeding 1 5 percent) averaged for 1973-1976...
Page 42 - However, most real objects emit only a fraction of the radiation that a perfect emitter would emit at the same physical temperature. This fraction defines the emissivity, e, of the object, = TB/T.
Page 235 - Late Quaternary surface ocean kinematics and climatic change in the high-latitude North Atlantic, J.
Page 233 - Hollinger, JP, BE Troy, RO Ramseier, K. W. Asmus, MF Hartman, and CA Luther, Microwave emission from high Arctic sea ice during freeze-up, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8104-8122, 1984. Holt, B., and SA Digby, Processes and imagery of first-year fast sea ice during the melt season, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5045-5062, 1985. Imbrie, J., and KP Imbrie, Ice Ages, Solving the Mystery, Enslow, Short Hills, New Jersey, 224 pp., 1977. Ito, H., Sea Ice Atlas...
Page 237 - The growth, structure, and properties of sea ice, CRREL Monograph 82-1, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, 130pp., 1982. Wentz, FJ, A model function for ocean microwave brightness temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1892-1908, 1983. Wilheit, TT, W. Nordberg, J. Blinn, W. Campbell, and A. Edgerton, Aircraft measurements of microwave emission from Arctic sea ice, Remote Sensing Environ., 2...