Biodefence Mechanisms Against Environmental StressSince life was first spawned on earth, all living cells have been engaged in the development of a network of biodefence systems to protect against the deleterious effects of various environmental stress. Besides exposures to so-called pollutants, human beings breathe oxygen and live in a world of unavoidable exposure to endogenous agents such as active oxygens and other free radicals, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light and chemicals from such natural sources as normal metabolism. To minimize the harmful effects of these exposures, it is necessary to improve our understanding of fundamental life processes that preserve the genome. A new and better understanding of biodefence mechanisms will contribute to practical fields such as risk assessment, identification of high risk groups and individuals, and the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases such as cancer caused by environmental stress. Besides direct effects on DNA, active oxygens and free radicals are believed to cause functional defects in living organisms by affecting signal transduction associated with the activation of specific genes, which can in tum lead to cancer and premature aging. |
Contents
In Vivo ESR Measurement of Free Radical Reactions in Living Mice | 13 |
A Metabolic Antioxidant and Redox Modulator of Signal | 33 |
Regulatory Mechanisms of Gene Activation Induced by DNA Damage | 49 |
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Biodefence Mechanisms Against Environmental Stress Toshihiko Ozawa,Kouichi Tatsumi,Tada-aki Hori No preview available - 2012 |
Common terms and phrases
a-lipoic acid Acad administration amino acids antioxidants apoptosis apoptotic Biochem biodefence Biol biological Biophys brain Ca2+ cancer carbamoyl-PROXYL catechin cDNA cellular ceramide Chem Chiba chromosome clones complex concentration DHLA dihydrolipoate DMPO-OH DNA binding DNA fragmentation DNA glycosylase DNA repair DNase dose endonuclease ERCC1 Fpg protein free radical genetic Genome Research Group glutathione Hamada hepatitis homologous homologous recombination hydroxy-TEMPO hydroxyl radical indicate induced inhibited injection intracellular irradiation ischemia Japan kinase lipid peroxidation lipoate mammalian cells mechanisms membrane mg/kg mice molecular mouse mutations Natl neuronal death NF-kB NIRS nitroxyl nitroxyl radicals NPAT observed Ogg1 oxidative oxygen species Packer pathway PBN-administered peptides PHCKRM pombe pretreatment Proc radiation rats reaction recombination redox region Rooibos Rooibos tea scavenging ability sequence signal silent mutations spin-probes stress superoxide TBARS thiols thymocytes tissues transcription tumors Utsumi vitamin vitamin E vitro vivo yeast