Biomechanics in ErgonomicsShrawan Kumar Two important goals of ergonomics are the comfort, and the health and safety of workers. In many ways these are mutually compatible, for where health and safety is jeopardized, the discomfort results. Most work-related injuries can be viewed as biochemical damage to a tissue or organ; ultimately all injuries are sustained by tissues. Writte |
Contents
Selected theories of musculoskeletal injury causation | 3 |
Tissue Biomechanics | 25 |
Tissue mechanics of ligaments and tendons | 27 |
Ligament sprain | 45 |
Bone biomechanics and fractures | 59 |
Muscle mechanics in ergonomics | 75 |
Upper Extremity | 87 |
Functional anatomy of the upper limb | 89 |
Shoulder and neck | 205 |
Whiplash injuries | 225 |
Low Back | 235 |
Low back pain and whole body vibration | 237 |
Ergonomic factors in the workplace contribute to disc degeneration | 247 |
Models in manual materials handling | 271 |
Whole Body Mechanics | 311 |
Posture | 313 |
Hand grasping finger pinching and squeezing | 97 |
Hand tools | 111 |
Work and activityrelated musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity | 169 |
Biomechanical models of the hand wrist and elbow in ergonomics | 183 |
Shoulder and Neck | 203 |
Common terms and phrases
angle anterior cruciate ligament Asfour Ayoub Biomech biomechanical models body bone carpal tunnel carpal tunnel syndrome cent Chaffin collagen compression cumulative trauma disorders cutting hand tools decrease deltoideus disorders due to non-powered dynamic effect elbow electromyographic erector spinae exertion exposure fatigue finger flexion flexor floor forearm fracture frequency friction function grip healing Human Factors increased Industrial Ergonomics injury incidence due intervertebral disc isometric joint Journal of Biomechanics Journal of Industrial knee Kumar lifting load low back pain lumbar males maximum measurement mechanical medial collateral ligament median nerve Mital motion muscle activity muscle forces musculoskeletal non-powered hand tools normal pinch posture powered hand tools pressure properties refers to injury refers to non-powered refers to powered risk factors rotation seat shoulder spinal spine stair static strength stress structures surface Table tasks tendon tissue torque trapezius trauma vertical vibration viscoelastic weight whiplash workers wrist