Contested Policy: The Rise and Fall of Federal Bilingual Education in the United States, 1960-2001Bilingual education is one of the most contentious and misunderstood educational programs in the country. It raises significant questions about this country's national identity, the nature of federalism, power, ethnicity, and pedagogy. In Contested Policy, Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., studies the origins, evolution, and consequences of federal bilingual education policy from 1960 to 2001, with particular attention to the activist years after 1978, when bilingual policy was heatedly contested. Traditionally, those in favor of bilingual education are language specialists, Mexican American activists, newly enfranchised civil rights advocates, language minorities, intellectuals, teachers, and students. They are ideologically opposed to the assimilationist philosophy in the schools, to the structural exclusion and institutional discrimination of minority groups, and to limited school reform. On the other hand, the opponents of bilingual education, comprised at different points in time of conservative journalists, politicians, federal bureaucrats, Anglo parent groups, school officials, administrators, and special-interest groups (such as U.S. English), favor assimilationism, the structural |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 12 | |
Conclusion | 18 |
The Expansion of Bilingual Education 19681978 | 26 |
Impact of Federal Bilingual Education Policy | 37 |
The Emerging Opposition | 41 |
Conclusion | 93 |
Conclusion | 99 |
Contextual Forces in Bilingual Education | 105 |
Reasons for Opposing or Supporting Bilingual Education | 107 |
Conclusion | 108 |
Epilogue | 114 |
Extended Bibliographic Essay | 117 |
Contextual Factors | 118 |
Conclusion | 46 |
Retrenchment and Redefinition 19801988 | 54 |
Increasing Attacks Against Bilingual Education | 56 |
Undermining Policy and Practice | 65 |
Conclusion | 70 |
The Final Push 1990s | 77 |
Decline and Resurgence of Attacks against Bilingual Education | 78 |
Changes in Policy | 83 |
The Repeal of Bilingual Education 2001 | 87 |
Other editions - View all
Contested Policy: The Rise and Fall of Federal Bilingual Education in the ... Guadalupe San Miguel No preview available - 2020 |
Common terms and phrases
academic achievement activists administration AIR Report argued that bilingual Bennett bilin bilingual bill Bilingual Education Act bilingual education bill bilingual education legislation bilingual education policy bilingual education programs bilingual programs Bilingual-Bicultural Education cation changes Chicano Chicano Movement Child Left Civil Rights Committee Congress congressional educa Education Week Effectiveness of Bilingual enactment English language English-only movement ethnic evaluation federal bilingual education federal government federal policy Federal Register federal role goals groups guage gual education Hispanic Houston Chronicle immersion impact implementation of bilingual issues James Crawford Joshua Fishman language minority children Latino Lau decision Lau Remedies LEP children linguistic ment Mexican Americans NABE National native language instruction non-English languages OPBE opponents opposition to bilingual political poverty President promoting proponents of bilingual proposed Public Law Ralph Yarborough Reagan reauthorization regulations Republican school districts Spanish-speaking supporters of bilingual teaching Texas tion U.S. Congress War on Poverty Washington York