Determinants of Transient and Chronic Poverty: Evidence from Rural China, Issue 1936 |
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70th quantile area dummy Chen and Ravallion chronic and transient chronic component chronic poverty models components of poverty county characteristics demographic characteristics Descriptive Statistics determinant of transient determinants of chronic distributional misspecifications education of labor errors four provinces grain yield Guangdong Guangxi Guizhou and Yunnan heteroscedasticity higher foodgrain yields household and geographic household demographic household head Household with couple households with members illiterate inter-temporal variability Jalan and Ravallion left out category life-cycle effects Observed Poverty P(Ey panel data parametric distributions parametric model physical capital poor area development poor households Population density poverty gap measure primary school educated Proportion of adults Proportion of kids Proportion of sample Ravallion 1996 reduces chronic poverty reduces transient poverty rural China secondary school education semi-parametric models significant determinant squared poverty gap Standard deviation Tobit models transient and chronic transient poor transient poverty measure types of poverty variability in consumption variance-covariance matrix World Bank yuan