Economywide Policies and the Environment: Lessons from ExperienceThe following are immediate steps that can be taken by decision makers: 1) more systematic efforts are needed to monitor environmental trends and anticipate emerging problems, when policy reform proposals are being prepared; 2) serious potential environmental impacts of proposed economywide reforms should be carefully assessed, to the extent that data and resources permit; 3) where potential adverse impacts of economywide reforms can be identified and analyzed successfully, targeted complementary environmental policies or investments need to be implemented - to mitigate environmental damage; and 4) a follow up system for monitoring the impacts of economic reform programs on environmentally sensitive areas should be designed, and resources made available to address environmental problems that may arise during implementation. |
Contents
Linkages Between the Environment and Economywide | 7 |
Efficiency Oriented Policies | 15 |
Unaddressed Policy Market or Institutional Imperfections | 23 |
Copyright | |
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Action Impact Matrix activities adjustment air pollution analysis approach Biodiversity coastal computable general equilibrium constraints cost Costa Rica crop cultivated decline deforestation economic and environmental economic policies economywide policy reforms economywide reforms effects efficiency electricity emissions encourage energy intensity energy prices environment environmental and social environmental concerns environmental degradation Environmental Economics environmental impacts environmental implications environmental issues environmental problems erosion example export forest lands forestry fuel Ghana growth identified implementation important improve incentives income increased indicators Indonesia industrial pollution inputs institutional investment irrigation levels linkages livestock lowland LRMC macroeconomic Morocco Munasinghe natural resources NEAP operations output paper partial equilibrium percent Poland pollution intensity poverty pricing reforms programs promote rangeland reduce Resource Degradation sectoral policy specific Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Railways subsidies sustainable development Table B-2 tariffs taxes trade liberalization Tunisia vehicular air pollution wildlife World Bank Zimbabwe