An Encyclopedia of Shamanism Volume 1Shamanism can be defined as the practice of initiated shamans who are distinguished by their mastery of a range of altered states of consciousness. Shamanism arises from the actions the shaman takes in non-ordinary reality and the results of those actions in ordinary reality. It is not a religion, yet it demands spiritual discipline and personal sacrifice from the mature shaman who seeks the highest stages of mystical development. |
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ABC-CLIO ability Aboriginal altered Ancestors ancient angakok animals ayahuasca believed berdache body Buryat Bwiti called Celtic shaman Celts ceremony chants connection consciousness core shamanism created Dagara dance dead death deities diagnosis divination dream Dreamtime drum earth embodiment trance Encyclopedia of Native energy intrusions enter trance entheogen epená example experience fire function gender hallucinogen healers healing rituals helping spirits Huichol human Iboga illness individual induce initiation invisible world journey Kahuna karadji Kosmos Lakota living Lowerworld magical male manang Mapuche masks mastery Maya medicine Midewiwin monies of North mudang Native American Native American Shamanism nature North America ogham Ojibwa Otherworld patient payé perform peyote physical world power objects practice psychopomp R. I. Shamans relationship role Sacred Cere shamanic cultures shamanic healing Shambhala Publications shapeshifting songs sorcerer soul loss spir spirit realms spirit world symbolic Techniques of Ecstasy things tion traditional trance transformation tree universe Upperworld visions wekufe