Food Plant Selection by the Goldenrod Leaf Beetles: Beetle Foraging in Relation to Plant Quality |
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23 old fields abundance adult feeding Asteraceae available goldenrods beetle species bicolor borealis adults borealis larvae caesia central New York chi-square test Chrysomelidae Coleoptera colonization Comparison of plant Cornell University different hosts egg hatch fecundity feeding patterns Feeding preferences FOOD PLANT SELECTION foraging GOLDENROD LEAF BEETLES goldenrod species goldenrod stems graminifolia h after release habitat hatch to adult herbivores holometabolous Host abbreviations host choice host plant host preferences host quality host stem host treatment insect instar juncea Kruskal-Wallis test larvae and adults larvae fed larval host leaf beetles Messina Messina and Root natural densities newly emerged number of larvae Oecologia oviposition Papilio machaon parasitoid plant availability plant quality population preferences of newly-hatched preferred hosts pupae reared on different rugosa Sokal Solidago host Solidago species survivorship Survivorship curves Table 9 Trirhabda adults Trirhabda borealis Trirhabda larvae Trirhabda species Trirhabda spp virgata adults virgata females virgata larvae Whipple Farm