From Chance to Choice: Genetics and JusticeCambridge University Press, 2000 - 398 頁 Written by four internationally renowned bioethicists, From Chance to Choice is the first systematic treatment of the fundamental ethical issues underlying the application of genetic technologies to human beings. Probing the implications of the remarkable advances in genetics, the authors ask how should these affect our understanding of distributive justice, equality of opportunity, the rights and obligations as parents, the meaning of disability, and the role of the concept of human nature in ethical theory and practice. The book offers a historical context to contemporary debate over the use of these technologies by examining the eugenics movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In addition, appendices explain the nature of genetic causation, gene-environment interaction, and expose widespread misconceptions of genetic determinism, as well as outlining the nature of the ethical analysis used in the book. The questions raised in this book will be of interest to any reflective reader concerned about science and society and the rapid development of biotechnology, as well as to professionals in such areas as philosophy, bioethics, medical ethics, health management, law, and political science. |
內容
The Need for Systematic Ethical Thinking | 4 |
Two Models for Genetic Intervention II | 11 |
CHAPTER | 27 |
Common Themes of Eugenicists | 40 |
The Social Dimension of Genetics | 55 |
CHAPTER THREE | 61 |
Concern of Justice | 63 |
Morality | 90 |
Use of Genetic Information to Prevent Harm | 222 |
Conclusion | 256 |
CHAPTER SEVEN | 258 |
The Radical Disabilities Rights | 264 |
The Social Construction of Disability and the Morality | 284 |
Knowledge of Genetic Differences and the Morality | 298 |
CHAPTER EIGHT | 304 |
Securing Equality | 315 |
CHAPTER FOUR | 104 |
Distinction | 118 |
Obligations | 124 |
Positive Versus Negative Genetic Interventions and | 152 |
What Is the Best and Who Decides? | 161 |
Constraints on Permissions Allowed Parents | 181 |
Conclusion | 202 |
The Interests and Values That Determine | 214 |
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常見字詞
ability abortion argued argument avoid basic believe benefits biological brute luck view capabilities Chapter child choice claim concern condition cooperative scheme decisions develop disabilities rights disabilities rights movement distributive justice dominant cooperative effects egalitarian environment environmental equal opportunity equality of opportunity ethical theory eugenicists eugenics movement example exist fetus genes genetic counseling genetic disease genetic enhancements genetic interventions genetic services genetic testing genetically transmitted genotype germline human cloning Human Genome Project human nature implications important individuals interest interventions to prevent issues limited ment morality of inclusion natural assets natural inequalities natural lottery normal functioning offspring particular person phenotype possible prevent disabilities prevent harm principles problem prospective parents public policy question Rawls reason reflective equilibrium reproductive freedom require resource egalitarianism result risk significant society suffering talents theory of justice therapy tion traits treatment treatment/enhancement distinction worth living wrongful disability