Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormones IVArun K. Roy, James H. Clark The first Meadowbrook Symposium was held in 1978 and during the intervening ten years our knowledge concerning how steroid hormones function at the level of gene expression has advanced by leaps and bounds. In this volume, which sum marizes our fourth meeting, these advances are very evident. What seemed like science fiction ten years ago has become commonplace science. Who would have imagined that we could synthesize a nucleotide sequence that binds a specific steroid receptor and acts as a controlling element for gene expression? No one; but as is evident from the results reported in several chapters, this technique is yielding a wealth of information. Using these and other techniques it has become apparent that gene transcription is controlled by interactions between transacting factors and DNA recognition sequences (response elements). These transacting factors appear to be members of a large gene family that includes steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, protooncogenes and homeobox proteins. Thus a great deal has been learned, but as usual, questions remain. Many of these questions are posed by the findings and observations found in several chapters in this volume. Non hormone binding forms of steroid receptors and their relevance to receptor down regulation, recycling and biological response remain a mystery. The quantitative relationship between receptor binding and biological response still presents agonizing problems. These and many other intriguing questions are discussed in this volume and set the stage for what should be a most rewarding time in endocrinology. Winter 1989 ARUN K. |
Contents
Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Protein and Gene Expression | 23 |
Modulation of GlucocorticoidInduced Responses by Cyclic AMP | 41 |
Differential Regulation of Tyrosine AminoTransferase by Gluco | 63 |
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Acad affinity amino acid analysis androgen receptor antibodies assays binding sites c-fos cDNA cell lines chromatin CIDLOWSKI cloned concentrations containing culture cytosolic Dex-Mes dexamethasone DNA binding DNase DNase I hypersensitive domain EGF receptor Endocrinology estradiol estrogen receptor Figure Fu5-5 cells function gene expression glucocorticoid receptor GR down-regulation growth factor growth hormone hepatic hepatocytes homeobox HPLA HTC cells hybridization hypersensitive sites increase incubated induction inhibition insulin interaction labeled Liao Markaverich MeHPLA MMTS mRNA mRNAs 14 mutated Natl ovalbumin oviduct peptide pituitary plasmid preincubation progesterone receptor promoter prostatic protein rat liver region regulation regulatory response elements rInsII S14 gene transcription sensitivity sequence Simons specific STANCEL steroid binding steroid hormones steroid receptors stimulation studies synthesis Tata thiol Thompson tissue tissue-specific transcription factor transcriptional activity transfected Tsai tumor tyrosine aminotransferase upstream uterine vitellogenin vitellogenin genes vitellogenin mRNA Xenopus