Green Fees: How a Tax Shift Can Work for the Environment and the EconomyThis report offers estimations of the economic gains made from shifting a significant chunk of the tax burden from income, profits and payrolls, onto congestion, pollution and waste generation. This study demonstrates that such changes can reduce environmental damage and increase production. |
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Accident Delay Toll Adjusted VMT average benefits billion dollars annual capacity carbon dioxide carbon tax cents/mile CO₂ coal Congested VMT congestion tolls costs of waste curbside recycling programs damaging activities depletion disposal costs drivers economic savings effects environ environmental charges environmentally damaging estimated example external costs federal fossil fuels governments HCFCs higher Highway households impacts impose incentives income taxes increase incremental costs industries investment landfills losses marginal cost market costs ment methyl bromide million annual million/year municipal Municipal Solid Waste nomic non-market costs pay-by-the-bag Percent Reduction Welfare pollution tax potential reduce Reduction Welfare Gains regions Residential Dummy revenues risks road Road Pricing rush hour Table tax rates timber tion tipping fees Toll Range toxic traffic Transportation United urban vehicle miles travelled VMT Percent Reduction volume of waste Washington waste disposal Waste Management World Resources Institute