Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated AreasMark J. McDonnell, Steward T. Pickett |
Contents
Perception and Processes | 7 |
An Exceptionally Powerful Biotic Factor | 24 |
The Human Factor | 40 |
Copyright | |
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abundance agricultural alewife anthropogenic areas behavior biodiversity biological biomes Biosphere biotic century Chapter climate cluster CO₂ coastal communities complex components of ecosystems concept correlation length cultivated cultural Daphnia decline deposition diversity dynamics ecological systems ecologists economic ecosys ecosystems environment environmental change environmental gradient example exotic factors fire fish fishery food web George Perkins Marsh global gradient analysis Grossmann habitat hardwoods hemlock hierarchical human activities human effects human impacts human population humans as components important increase interactions Kitchell Lake Mendota Lake Michigan Lake Titicaca land landscape McDonnell models National Park natural nitrate nitrogen nutrient patterns perspective Petersham Pickett plants pollution population density prairie predators predicted problems processes production random maps region relationship response result rivers role scale scientists social soil spatial species structure subtle effects tion Titicaca Tiwanaku transect urban urban-rural values variables vegetation watershed