Indonesia: Environment and DevelopmentIndonesia has been remarkably successful in achieving its development objectives over the past 25 years. Although it is still a low-income country, its tradition of sound economic management has laid the foundations for continued progress in the decades ahead. As the Indonesian government formulates its second long-term development plan, issues of environmental quality and sustainability raise new concerns. This report examines environmental issues, assesses their implications for the achievement of development goals, and suggests an action plan that would help to ensure that those goals will be met. The analysis of current environmental conditions and trends and of the likely impact of future growth leads to three main conclusions: - Future growth will depend increasingly on Indonesia's stock of key natural resources and the sustainability of critical ecosystems. -The industrial sector will continue to expand in urban areas, where growing congestion and industrial pollution pose an immediate threat to health and human welfare. This will eventually lead to negative effects on the economy. -As a result of rapid growth, environment- related issues of equity among the population will become increasingly important. |
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abatement agencies agricultural air pollution akan AMDAL BAPEDAL benefits biodiversity Biodiversity Action Plan challenges coastal communities conservation contamination dalam dari deforestation demand developing countries DKI Jakarta ecosystems effects efficiency energy ensure environment environmental management environmental protection estimated example expanding exports firms forest land forestry global GOI's Government groundwater growing households impacts implementation important improve incentives increase Indonesia industrial pollution industrial sector investments issues Jakarta Java logging major management of natural million natural resources noted in Chapter outer islands pada particulates pencemaran perkotaan pesticides planning policies and instruments pollution control pollution intensity pollution loads population population density potential priority private sector processing industries production public sector rapid growth recent reduce require result sanitation solid waste sources strategy subsidies Surabaya sustainable development sustainable management urban and industrial urban areas urban centers vehicle emissions water supply wilayah World Bank