Introduction to Scanning Tunneling MicroscopyThe scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope, both capable of imaging and manipulating individual atoms, were crowned with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986, and are the cornerstones of nanotechnology today. The first edition of this book has nurtured numerous beginners and experts since 1993. The second edition is a thoroughly updated version of this 'bible' in the field. The second edition includes a number of new developments in the field. Non-contact atomic-force microscopy has demonstrated true atomic resolution. It enables direct observation and mapping of individual chemical bonds. A new chapter about the underlying physics, atomic forces, is added. The chapter on atomic force microscopy is substantially expanded. Spin-polarized STM has enabled the observation of local magnetic phenomena down to atomic scale. A pedagogical presentation of the basic concepts is included. Inelastic scanning tunneling microscopy has shown the capability of studying vibrational modes of individual molecules. The underlying theory and new instrumentation are added. For biological research, to increase the speed of scanning to observe life phenomena in real time is a key. Advanced in this direction is presented as well. The capability of STM to manipulate individual atoms is one of the cornerstones of nanotechnology. The theoretical basis and in particular the relation between tunneling and interaction energy are thoroughly presented, together with experimental facts. |
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition | xxiii |
Part II | xxv |
Gallery | xxxi |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
adatom American Physical Society apex atom atomic force atomic force microscope atomic resolution Bardeen bias voltage bond cantilever Chapter coefficients Copyright corrugation amplitude covalent bond current amplifier curve dangling bond decay constant deflection density dependence derivative energy level example experimental exponential feedback Fermi level first-principles Green's function ħ² integral interaction energy LDOS measured metal surfaces method microscope molecules Morse function observed obtained oscillation perturbation perturbation theory piezo piezoelectric Plate potential quantum mechanics radius Reproduced with permission resonance frequency s-wave sample distance sample surface sample wavefunction scanning tunneling scanning tunneling microscopy Schrödinger equation Section separation surface shear piezo shown in Fig shows single atom solution spherical spherical harmonics STM and AFM STM images structure symmetry temperature Tersoff-Hamann model theory tip electronic tip wavefunction tip-sample distance topographic image tunneling conductance tunneling current tunneling matrix element typical vacuum vibration isolation Waals force