Low-Calorie Foods and Food IngredientsR. Khan amounts can produce a deleterious effect on animals. In an attempt to quantify this potential for toxicity and to give sufficient margin for safety, JECFA has introduced an acceptable daily intake (ADI) level for food additives. For example, the ADI values granted for saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and sucralose are 2. 5, 40, 11,9 and 1 3. 5 mg kg- body weight per day, respectively. Chapter 2 on regulatory aspects of low-calorie food elaborates these points. The additives that are to be consumed in large amounts, such as a fat replacement product like 'Olestra' or a new bulking material like 'polydextrose', present a more complex problem as far as the evaluation of their toxicity is concerned. Normal safety testing of an additive, such as a high-intensity sweetener, requires that the test animals are fed with a sufficiently high dosage in order to produce an effect and then on that basis an ADI value is calculated. In cases like 'Olestra' and 'polydex trose', which are not normally present in diet or metabolised to dietary constituents, such an approach will obviously not be applicable, or of any use, in calculating an ADI value. Due to these factors the regulatory authorities have not yet been able to produce any guidelines for toxicity trials for additives that are to be taken in food in large quantities. |
Contents
II | 1 |
IV | 2 |
V | 3 |
VI | 4 |
VII | 7 |
VIII | 8 |
IX | 10 |
XI | 11 |
LXXXVII | 80 |
LXXXVIII | 82 |
LXXXIX | 85 |
XC | 86 |
XCI | 87 |
XCII | 93 |
XCIII | 96 |
XCIV | 98 |
XII | 13 |
XIII | 14 |
XIV | 15 |
XV | 16 |
XVI | 17 |
XVII | 18 |
XIX | 22 |
XXIII | 23 |
XXIV | 24 |
XXVII | 25 |
XXVIII | 26 |
XXIX | 27 |
XXX | 28 |
XXXI | 29 |
XXXIII | 30 |
XXXIV | 31 |
XXXV | 32 |
XXXVI | 33 |
XXXVII | 34 |
XXXIX | 36 |
XLIV | 37 |
XLV | 38 |
XLVI | 39 |
XLIX | 40 |
L | 41 |
LIV | 42 |
LVII | 44 |
LVIII | 45 |
LIX | 46 |
LX | 47 |
LXI | 51 |
LXIII | 53 |
LXV | 54 |
LXVI | 55 |
LXVIII | 57 |
LXX | 59 |
LXXI | 61 |
LXXII | 62 |
LXXIII | 63 |
LXXIV | 64 |
LXXV | 65 |
LXXVII | 67 |
LXXVIII | 68 |
LXXIX | 69 |
LXXX | 70 |
LXXXII | 74 |
LXXXIV | 77 |
LXXXVI | 79 |
XCV | 100 |
XCVI | 101 |
XCVII | 102 |
XCVIII | 103 |
XCIX | 104 |
CI | 105 |
CII | 106 |
CIV | 107 |
CV | 109 |
CVI | 112 |
CVII | 113 |
CVIII | 114 |
CIX | 115 |
CX | 117 |
CXI | 119 |
CXIII | 121 |
CXIV | 125 |
CXV | 133 |
CXVI | 135 |
CXVII | 136 |
CXVIII | 138 |
CXX | 142 |
CXXI | 143 |
CXXII | 144 |
CXXIII | 145 |
CXXIV | 148 |
CXXV | 150 |
CXXVI | 152 |
CXXVII | 153 |
CXXVIII | 154 |
CXXIX | 157 |
CXXX | 158 |
CXXXII | 159 |
CXXXIII | 160 |
CXXXIV | 161 |
CXXXV | 162 |
CXXXVII | 165 |
CXXXIX | 166 |
CXL | 167 |
CXLI | 168 |
CXLII | 170 |
CXLIII | 174 |
CXLIV | 175 |
CXLVII | 176 |
CL | 177 |
179 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acesulfame-K aftertaste appetite artificial sweeteners aspartame bakery products Blundell body weight bulk ingredients bulking agents cake mix carbohydrate cellulose chemical cholesterol Clin components consumer consumption cookies cyclamate desserts diabetic diet dietary fat dietary fibre digestible effect emulsifiers energy intake energy value enzymes erythritol ester evaluation fat replacer ingredients fat substitutes fat-free fats and oils fatty acids fermentation flavour food additive food ingredients food intake food products formulation fructo-oligosaccharides fructose glucose high-intensity sweeteners hydrogenation industry intense sweetener Isomalt kcal kcal g¹ labelling lactitol lipids low-calorie bulking low-calorie foods low-calorie products low-calorie soft drinks low-fat maltitol maltodextrin metabolised metabolism mouthfeel non-digestible sugars Nutr nutrients nutritional obesity Olestra pectin polydextrose polysaccharides protein reduced reduced-calorie baked reduced-fat regulatory saccharin safety satiating satiety small intestine soft drinks soluble solution sorbitol stability starch structure studies sucralose sucrose sugar alcohols sweet baked texture thaumatin viscosity