Lowell Hydraulic Experiments: Being a Selection from Experiments on Hydraulic Motors, on the Flow of Water Over Weirs, in Open Canals of Uniform Rectangular Section, and Through Submerged Orifices and Diverging Tubes. Made at Lowell, Massachusetts |
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apertures apparatus arithmetical mean bell crank Boileau bottom brake cent chamber cistern coefficient of effect computed consequently corrected corresponding crest cubic feet deduced depth of water diameter distance diverging tube downstream end contraction entering the wheelpit fall acting feet per second figure FLOW OF WATER foot forebay formula D given in column grease hook gauge boxes horizontal hydraulic inches irregularities leakage length Lesbros Lowell Mean depth Mean shortest distance mean velocity measuring flume ment Merrimack Canal Merrimack River mouth-piece nearly north hook gauge Number of buckets obtained orifice passing the weir Pawtucket Falls placed plank plate XX pounds avoirdupois proportional difference proposed formula purpose quantity of water ratio regulating gate represented shaft stream taken thickness tions transit station TREMONT TURBINE upper upstream side variations velocity due vertical water discharged water flowing WATER OVER WEIRS water passing wheel width
Popular passages
Page 209 - We know now that the underlying principle is the same as in a mercurial barometer : it is the pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the water in the well that pushes the water up into the pump.
Page i - CE Lowell Hydraulic Experiments. Being a selection from experiments on Hydraulic Motors, on the Flow of Water over Weirs, in open Canals of uniform rectangular section, and through submerged Orifices and diverging Tubes. Made at Lowell, Mass. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, with many new experiments, and illustrated with 23 copper-plate engravings.
Page 158 - Report upon the Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River...
Page 70 - No correct formula for the discharge of water over weirs, founded upon natural laws, and including the secondary effects of these laws, being known, we must rely entirely upon experiments, taking due care in the application of any formula deduced from them, not to depart too far from the limits of the experiments on which it is founded.
Page 154 - ... is suspended in the water, the deviations of the rod from a perpendicularity to the surface of it may indicate which end of the cylinder...
Page 72 - Francis's book) that the quantity to be subtracted from the absolute length of a weir having complete contraction, to give its effective length, is directly proportional to the depth. It is also assumed that the quantity discharged by weirs of equal effective lengths varies according to a constant power of the depth. There is no reason to think that either of these assumptions is perfectly correct ; it will be seen, however, that they lead to results agreeing very closely with experiment.
Page 47 - Tremont turbine is 8^- in diameter, and, according to the proposed rule, should have fifty-five buckets instead of fortyfour. With fifty-five buckets, the crowns should have a width of 7.2 inches instead of 9 inches. With the narrower width, it is probable that the useful effect, in proportion to the power expended, would have been a little greater when the gate was partially raised.
Page 154 - ... it shows that the swiftest current is at the bottom ; and when it remains perpendicular, it is *a sign that the velocities at the top and bottom are equal. This instrument, being placed in the current of a river or canal, receives all the percussions of the water throughout the whole depth, and will have an equal velocity with that of the whole current from the surface to the bottom at the place where it is put in, and by that means may be found, both with exactness and ease, the mean velocity...
Page 28 - Magistrate having jurisdiction in such place, to ascertain the content of such measure of capacity by direct reference to the weight of pure or rain water which such measure is capable of containing. Ten pounds avoirdupois weight of such water, at the temperature of...
Page 142 - ... g representing as usual, the velocity acquired by a body at the end of the first second of its fall. Energy may be of two kinds (1), Kinetic energy, or energy of motion, and (2) Potential energy, or energy of position or of condition. Thus, the energy of a ball shot vertically upward, is entirely kinetic at the moment of its discharge, while its energy is all potential, or one of position, when it...