Making Cancer PolicyMark Rushefsky confronts head-on the controversies surrounding federal cancer policy, within the context, however, of a balanced view of the politics and science involved. From 1976 to 1984, federal agencies such as the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration issued guidelines regulating public exposure to chemical carcinogens. These policies have engendered controversy and undergone numerous changes. Some of these are based on new scientific developments, others on new political developments. Making Cancer Policy analyzes the guidelines issued by these agencies in terms of their scientific and political environment. It addresses the issues of uncertainty in the scientific foundation of cancer policy, scientific controversies, the mixing of science and politics, and the political uses of science. This book shows just how "political" science can be. |
Contents
Introduction by Nicholas A Ashford | 5 |
1 Linear DoseResponse Curve | 11 |
Science and Regulatory Science | 21 |
1 Comparing Extrapolation Models | 34 |
4 Inference Controversies 40 10 | 40 |
7 Evaluating the Guidelines | 55 |
Origins of Cancer Policy | 59 |
1 Major Environmental Legislation | 67 |
Challenge and Change | 107 |
Critique Scandal and Consensus | 133 |
The Challenge to Cancer Policy | 151 |
Mixing Truth with Power | 173 |
Risk Assessment Principles | 189 |
Inference Choices | 197 |
| 225 | |
| 247 | |
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Common terms and phrases
AIHC animal animal testing Anne Burford approach assumptions basis benign bioassays cancer policy development cancer risk assessment carcinogenesis Carter administration causes of cancer changes chapter chemical carcinogens cinogens Clean Air Act consensus controversies critical decisions diet dioxin discussed document Doll and Peto dose levels dose-response draft effects Efron environment Environmental Protection Agency EPA's epidemiological studies epigenetic estimates evaluation evidence extrapolation factors federal formaldehyde genotoxic hazard human carcinogens important incidence IRLG report issues legislation linear lung cancer malignant mechanisms ment mutagenicity National Cancer National Cancer Institute negative Office of Science OSHA OSHA's OSTP report political pollution positive potential carcinogens principles problems RARG Reagan administration regulation regulatory agencies regulatory science Review risk assessment risk assessment guidelines risk-averse risk-tolerant role Ruckelshaus Safety and Health Science and Technology scientific scientists short-term tests specific Technology Policy threshold tion toxic tumors uncertainties vironmental William Ruckelshaus