Metals Handbook: Materials characterization |
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absorbance absorption acid alloys aluminum Anal analysis analytical angle Applications approximately atomic atomic number backscattered beam carbon Chem chemical chromium composition compounds concentration copper coulometric crystal detection determined diffraction pattern elec electrolyte electron microscope elements emission energy EXAFS example excitation film filter fluorescence grain infrared instrument intensity isotope lattice lines magnetic mass mass spectrometer materials matrix measured ment metal method molecular molecules molybdenum neutron nickel nitrogen obtained optical orientation oxide oxygen particles peak phase photon Phys plane potential powder precipitate produce quantitative radiation Raman Raman spectroscopy region relative residual stress resonance sample Sandia National Laboratories scanning electron scanning electron microscope scattering secondary electron sensitivity shown in Fig signal solid solution species specimen spectra spectrometer spectroscopy spectrum standard structure surface techniques temperature thin tion titration tron tube typical unit cell voltage wavelength x-ray diffraction y-ray