Mechanical Loading of Bones and JointsHideaki Takahashi Bones and joints are always under mechanical loading a key concept in understanding bone metabolism. Among the most common diseases of bones and joints in the elderly are osteoporosis and joint osteoarthritis. Dynamic changes in mechanical loading give rise to problems resulting in stenosis of the spinal column at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels. Mechanical loading also accelerates joint destruction caused by inflammation from such conditions as chronic rheumatoid arthritis. An understanding of mechanical loading is essential therefore to clinicians, basic researchers, and engineers working with bones and joints. Providing up-to-date research and clinical findings, the contents of this volume are from the papers, symposia, and special lectures presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association in Niigata, in October 1997. |
Contents
Emerging Views with Insights | 3 |
Kurokawa T 115 | 23 |
Anisotropic Behavior in Viscoelasticity and Fracture Mechanics | 25 |
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activity apoptosis articular bending Biomechanics blood bone adaptation bone cells bone loss bone marrow bone marrow cells bone mass Bone Miner Res bone remodeling bone resorption bone volume c-fos cartilage cauda equina Cbfal CFU-Fs changes claudication Clin collar contact compression cortical bone decreased density differentiation disease distal dynamic effects endocortical epidural pressure experimental extrathymic T cells factor femur flexion fluid fracture function gene granulocytes human iliac immobilization Immunol increase bone induced Japan joint liver lymphocytes macrophages markers mechanical loading Mechanotransduction medial mice microdamage nerve root neurectomy normal Orthop osteoblasts osteocytes osteopenia osteoporosis pamidronate parathyroid hormone periosteal protein proximal RA patients receptors rheumatoid arthritis Shiozawa significantly skeletal spinal cord spinal stenosis spine stem stimulation strain stress stromal cells surface surgery synovial synovium tail-suspension Takahashi TCR cells tibia tissue trabecular bone treatment unloading vertebral vitro vivo weeks Zone