Rarefied Gas Dynamics: Volume 2 |
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approximation argon atoms axis Boltzmann Boltzmann equation calculated carrier gas Chem clusters CO₂ coefficients collision condensation corresponding cross section curve D. H. Levy decrease dependence determined diameter diffusion dimers distance distribution function effect electron beam energy equations equilibrium excitation experimental experiments fluorescence gas flow gas mixture gases heat flux helium increase intensity interaction iodine ionization isentropic isotopes kinetic Knudsen number laser liquid Mach number mass Maxwell distribution mbar measured method molecular beam molecules N₂ nitrogen nonequilibrium Novosibirsk nozzle nozzle exit nucleation obtained orifice parameters particles Phys plasma potential pumping radiation radius Rarefied Gas Dynamics regime region rotational Russian shock tube shock wave shown in Fig species spectra spectrum stagnation pressure stagnation temperature supersonic surface temperature theoretical theory thermal tion Torr transition USSR vacuum vapour velocity distribution viscosity Waals wall