Seabird Ecology |
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adult Albatross anchovies annual Antarctic Arctic Arctic Tern areas Ashmole behaviour bioenergetics bioenergetics models biomass birds breeding colonies breeding season breeding sites breeding success Brown Pelican changes chick clutch competition consumption by seabirds contamination Cormorant correlation costs Coulson Croxall density density-dependent dieldrin diet diving ecology effects equations estimated exploitation factors feathers Figure fish stocks fishery fledging flight food consumption food supplies foraging range Fulmars Furness Gannets guano Guillemots gulls increased Island Jackass Penguins Kittiwakes kleptoparasitism krill Manx Shearwater mercury metabolic rate metals million tonnes monitoring mortality moult nest sites North Sea numbers offshore organochlorine organochlorine levels pairs PCBs Peruvian plastic particles pollution predators prey procellariiforms Puffins reduced regulation relationship reproductive result sand-eels seabird colonies seabird numbers seabird populations seabird species seabirds feed seals Shag Shearwater Shetland Skuas Sooty Tern Southern Ocean squid St Kilda Storm Petrel studies suggest survival temperature tend whales whitefish young