Spectral Imaging of the Atmosphere, Volume 82Optical instruments are routinely employed to obtain a wealth of information about the atmosphere, including its composition, temperature, and winds. A bewildering variety of optical instruments have been proposed over the years, making it difficult to decide which instrument should be chosen to make a specific measurement. Spectral Imaging of the Atmosphere traces the historical development of both spectral and imaging methods and places them in a unified framework relevant to observations of the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. The underlying concepts of various measurement methodologies are presented and paired with appropriate applications. A selection of specific spectral imaging instruments, appropriate to illustrate each conceptual type, is described in detail. Shepherd's work provides both scientists and engineers with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts they need to know in order to plan a program of atmospheric measurements. Expected future methods and developments are also presented. Problems designed to test and enhance the reader's understanding of the material are included in each chapter. |
Contents
II | xiii |
IV | 6 |
VI | 8 |
VII | 9 |
VIII | 10 |
IX | 11 |
X | 14 |
XI | 16 |
C | 136 |
CII | 137 |
CIV | 140 |
CV | 147 |
CVI | 149 |
CVII | 150 |
CVIII | 152 |
CX | 154 |
XII | 18 |
XIII | 24 |
XIV | 26 |
XV | 27 |
XVI | 28 |
XIX | 29 |
XX | 31 |
XXI | 33 |
XXII | 34 |
XXIII | 35 |
XXIV | 36 |
XXV | 37 |
XXVI | 38 |
XXVII | 39 |
XXVIII | 42 |
XXIX | 43 |
XXX | 45 |
XXXI | 49 |
XXXII | 50 |
XXXIII | 52 |
XXXV | 55 |
XXXVII | 57 |
XXXVIII | 59 |
XXXIX | 60 |
XL | 61 |
XLII | 62 |
XLIII | 63 |
XLIV | 64 |
XLVI | 66 |
XLVII | 68 |
L | 70 |
LII | 71 |
LIII | 72 |
LIV | 74 |
LV | 78 |
LVI | 79 |
LVII | 80 |
LVIII | 82 |
LIX | 84 |
LX | 85 |
LXII | 86 |
LXIII | 87 |
LXVI | 88 |
LXVII | 90 |
LXIX | 91 |
LXX | 93 |
LXXI | 96 |
LXXII | 97 |
LXXIII | 98 |
LXXIV | 100 |
LXXV | 101 |
LXXVI | 105 |
LXXVII | 106 |
LXXVIII | 107 |
LXXIX | 110 |
LXXX | 112 |
LXXXI | 114 |
LXXXII | 115 |
LXXXIII | 117 |
LXXXIV | 119 |
LXXXVI | 120 |
LXXXVII | 122 |
LXXXVIII | 124 |
LXXXIX | 125 |
XC | 127 |
XCII | 128 |
XCIII | 131 |
XCIV | 132 |
XCV | 133 |
XCVII | 134 |
XCVIII | 135 |
CXI | 156 |
CXII | 158 |
CXIII | 162 |
CXIV | 164 |
CXV | 166 |
CXVII | 170 |
CXVIII | 171 |
CXIX | 173 |
CXX | 174 |
CXXI | 175 |
CXXII | 176 |
CXXIII | 177 |
CXXIV | 178 |
CXXV | 179 |
CXXVI | 180 |
CXXVII | 181 |
CXXVIII | 183 |
CXXX | 185 |
CXXXI | 187 |
CXXXII | 189 |
CXXXVI | 192 |
CXXXVII | 193 |
CXXXVIII | 194 |
CXXXIX | 195 |
CXL | 197 |
CXLI | 198 |
CXLII | 199 |
CXLIII | 205 |
CXLVI | 206 |
CXLVII | 207 |
CXLVIII | 209 |
CXLIX | 211 |
CLI | 213 |
CLII | 214 |
CLIV | 215 |
CLV | 218 |
CLVII | 219 |
CLVIII | 221 |
CLX | 225 |
CLXI | 228 |
CLXIII | 231 |
CLXIV | 233 |
CLXVI | 235 |
CLXVII | 237 |
CLXVIII | 238 |
CLXX | 239 |
CLXXI | 242 |
CLXXII | 246 |
CLXXIII | 249 |
CLXXIV | 252 |
CLXXV | 253 |
CLXXVIII | 255 |
CLXXIX | 256 |
CLXXXI | 258 |
CLXXXIII | 260 |
CLXXXIV | 262 |
CLXXXV | 264 |
CLXXXVI | 265 |
CLXXXVII | 267 |
CLXXXVIII | 269 |
CXC | 270 |
CXCI | 271 |
CXCII | 272 |
CXCIII | 275 |
CXCIV | 277 |
CXCVI | 279 |
CXCVII | 295 |
CXCVIII | 298 |
CXCIX | 303 |
CC | 308 |
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Common terms and phrases
absorption airglow altitude aperture array detector atmospheric atomic oxygen auroral band beam-splitter Calculate calibration Chapter configuration corresponding described device diffraction grating Dirac comb Doppler Earth electrons equation etalon étendue Fabry-Perot spectrometer field of view field-widened filter wheel Fourier transform frequency fringes function HRDI infrared input instrumental passband interference filter interferogram irradiance lens light limb measurements mesosphere Michelson interferometer mirror modulated MOPITT noise observed obtained off-axis angle optical path difference orbit output ozone passband phase photometer photomultiplier photon pixel polarized radiance radiation Rayleigh rectangular function reflectance refractive refractive index region resolution resolving power responsivity rotation satellite scanning Shepherd shift shown in Figure signal slit solar space spacecraft spectral elements spectral imaging spectral line spectral range spectrograph spectrometer spectrum spherical stratosphere surface telescope temperature thermal thermosphere transmittance ultraviolet velocity vertical visibility volume emission rate wavelength wavenumber width wind WINDII