The Physics of Coronary Blood FlowThe fields of biological and medical physics and biomedical engineering are broad, multidisciplinary and dyanmic. They lie at the crossroads of frontier - search in physics, biology, chemistry, and medicine. The Biological & Me- cal Physics/Biomedical Engineering Series is intended to be comprehensive, covering a broad range of topics important to the study of the physical, che- cal and biological sciences. Its goal is to provide scientists and engineers with textbooks, monographs, and reference works to address the growing need for information. Books in the series emphasize established and emergent areas of science - cluding molecular, membrane, and mathematical biophysics; photosynthetic - ergy harvesting and conversion; information processing; physical principles of genetics; sensory communications; automata networks, neural networks, and cellular automata. Equally important will be coverage of applied aspects of b- logical and medical physics and biomedical engineering such as molecular el- tronic components and devices, biosensors, medicine, imaging, physical prin- ples of renewable energy production, advanced prostheses, and environmental control and engineering. Elias Greenbaum Oak Ridge, TN M. Zamir Department of Applied Mathematics University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 CANADA zamir@uwo.ca Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zamir, M. (Mair) The physics of coronary blood flow / M. Zamir. p. cm. — (Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Coronary circulation. 2. Hemodynamics. 3. Blood flow. I. Title. II. Series. QP108.Z36 2005 612.1?7—dc22 2005042502 ISBN-10: 0-387-25297-5 e-ISBN: 0-387-26019-6 Printed on acid-free paper. |
Contents
| 1 | |
Modelling Preliminaries | 35 |
Basic Lumped Elements 79 | 78 |
Forced Dynamics of the RLC System | 115 |
The Analysis of Composite Waveforms | 145 |
Composite PressureFlow Relations 177 | 176 |
Lumped Models | 221 |
Elements of UnlumpedModel Analysis | 255 |
Basic Unlumped Models | 299 |
Dynamic Pathologies | 361 |
| 391 | |
| 402 | |
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Common terms and phrases
11-level tree model 5-level admittance amplitude analysis aorta balloon bifurcation blood supply capacitance effects capacitive flow capacitive time constant cardiac pressure wave cardiovascular system complex composite wave coronary artery disease coronary blood flow coronary circulation coronary flow reserve coronary network coronary vasculature corresponding curve diameter driving the flow elastic tube elements equation flow rate q fluid forced dynamics Fourier series harmonics heart impedance inertial effects inertial time constant lumped model mechanisms nondimensional normalized oscillations oscillatory cycle oscillatory flow parallel path periodic function Poiseuille flow posterior descending artery pressure and flow pressure difference pressure distribution previous section pulsatile flow radius reactance represents right coronary artery rigid tube RLC system scenario shear stress shown in Fig solution system in series tree structure tube segment tube wall value of tC velocity vessel segment viscoelastic wave propagation wave reflections waveform zero