The Cognitive Paradigm: Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Approach to the Study of Cognition Applied in an Analysis of Science and Scientific KnowledgeThe growing importance of the sciences in industrialised societies has been acknowledged by the increasing number of studies concerned with their development, change and control. In the past 20 or so years there has been a considerable growth in teaching and research programmes dealing with science and technology policy, science and society, sociology and history of science and similar areas which has resulted in much new material about the production and validation of scientific knowledge. In addition to the quanti tative growth of this literature, there has also been a substantial shift in the problems addressed and approaches adopted. In particular, the substantive content of scientific knowledge has become the focus of many historical and sociological studies which seek to understand how knowledges develop and change in different social circumstances. Instead of taking the privileged epistemological status of scientific knowledge for granted, recent approaches have emphasised the socially contingent nature of knowledge production and validation and the pluralistic nature of the sciences. Parallel to these develop ments, there has been a shift in the treatment of science by the state, business and public pressure groups. Increasingly they have sought to control the direction of research, and thus the content of knowledge, directly rather than simply applying existing knowledge. Science has become amenable to social control and influence. Its sacred status has declined and it is increasingly viewed as a socially constituted phenomenon which can be studied in a similar manner to other cultural products. |
Contents
Perception Pattern Recognition and Pictureprocessing | 5 |
Communication and Language Processing | 11 |
World Views and Models | 19 |
Copyright | |
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The Cognitive Paradigm: Cognitive Science, a Newly Explored Approach to the ... Marc de Mey No preview available - 1984 |
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action analysis apparently application approach arteries Artificial Intelligence aspects basic behavior bibliometric blood Chapter citation co-citation cognitive science cognitive structures cognitive view combination concept conceptual scheme conceptual system conservation considered context diffusion of innovations disciplines discovery discussion distinction entities epistemology exemplar external factors formal frame function Galen gestalt gestalt switch growth Harvey's heterarchical history of science ideas indicated information processing innovations interaction internal interpretation invisible colleges involved kind Kuhn Kuhn's Kuhnian language literature logical logical positivism logical positivist major mechanism Merton methods Minsky normal science notion object observation organization papers paradigm paradigmatic particular pattern perception perspective philosophy of science Piaget positivism problem references relevant representation respect role Rosenthal effect science of science scientific community scientists sense similar social sociology of science specific stage study of science suggests theory tion understanding venous world model world views