The Evolution of Animal Intelligence |
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according acid activities adaptive Amoeba amphipod anemones Animal Intelligence ants appearance aquarium association become bees behavior birds body Bohn caterpillar causes chemical chemotaxis cilia contraction crab crayfish creature crustacea Darwin degree Didinium direction effect evolution experiments fish follow forms frog glass gradually habit higher hive hole imitation impulse individual infusorian insects instinct Jennings Jour larvæ learned light Lloyd Morgan Loeb manifested mechanism ment mental mind modified monkeys motor reflex movements natural negative nervous nest objects observed organism orientation pain Paramecium Paramœcia performed phototactic phototaxis placed Planaria pleasure positive prey protozoa pseudopod Psych psychic psychology pulled raccoons reach react reaction reflex action repeated response result rheotaxis seized shown side similar species specimens Spencer statocysts Stentor stimulus surface swimming tendency tentacles theory thigmotaxis Thorndike tion trials tropisms turn usually variations various Wasmann wasp worms young