The Organic Content of Oil Shales ... |
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absolute alcohol action of solvents alcohol extract amount analysis aniline asphaltic bitumen boiling point California shale carbon disulphide carbon-hydrogen ratio Chem chemical coal color Colorado shale compounds contained CONTENT OF OIL crucible curve dark brown decomposed destructive distillation determined dissolved Elko endothermic evaporated exothermic extracted material extracted with absolute extraction apparatus filtered grams Grand Valley heat hydrocarbons hydrogen increase in weight indicated insoluble intermediate product Ione kerogen light yellow lignite liquid sulphur dioxide method Nevada nitrogen oil shale oil yield organic content organic matter original shale paraffin petroleum plant Pyrite pyrobitumens pyrolysis quartz grains reaction reagents red selenium reduced pressure residue retort saturated saturated compounds selenium oxychloride semi-solid sericitic shale oil shale shows soluble soluble in alcohol solution solvents spores substance sulphur dioxide sulphuryl chloride temperature thermal decomposition tion Torbanite treatment types of shales Ultimate analyses unsaturated Utah vacuum distillation volatile matter yield of oil
Popular passages
Page 10 - IV <The experimental method employed consisted in heating side by side, under the same conditions a coal which underwent carbonisation and a coke which could be regarded as chemically inert, and noting... the extent to which the temperature of the coal became higher or lower than that of the coke in various stages of the carbonisation.
Page 9 - The implications of this trend will be discussed in the part of this paper dealing with the manpower shortages.
Page 5 - ... retained and fixed, so that now only a small percentage of oil can be extracted mechanically, while the bulk of the hydrocarbon content has to be subjected to destructive distillation to enable oil to be obtained from it.
Page 4 - or " Boghead Mineral " was a coal or an oil-shale. Several witnesses at the trial (Gillespie v. Russel, Session Papers, 1854) maintained that the oilproducing material in the Mineral was of organic origin, while others pronounced it to be bituminous and produced by subaqueous eruptions. TS Traill, MD, proposed for the Boghead Mineral the name " Bitumenite," as it seemed to him to "consist of much bitumen, mingled with earthy matter
Page 30 - Sevan 58 have sho.wn that coal is attacked by chlorine with the production of a chlorinated derivative similar to that previously obtained by them from lignified tissue. A shale oil obtained by distillation often contains 50-75 per cent of "unsaturates...
Page 5 - ... protected by a patent. The first commercial plant for such work appears to have been established in Sunderland, England, and produced "petroleum" and ammonia from coal as early as 1815. In France the distillation of shales began about. 1830, and has maintained the rank of an industry ever since. Though the distillation of oil from shales and shaly coals has been carried on in many countries, in no other has the industry reached the magnitude or the success to which it has been carried in Scotland,...
Page 5 - The shale-oil industry first made its appearance in France in 1830, when Laurent obtained paraffin by the distillation of bituminous shales found in Autun. The first commercial production of oil from that source dates from about 1834.
Page 18 - ... oil. Measured in percentage of permanent gas and coke formed, it is 4.9 for the paraffin base oil (Nevada), 10.2 for a mixed base oil (Colorado), and 18.S Tor tho asphaltic oil (Utah).
Page 6 - Oil shale varies considerably in character, both physical and chemical, in different parts 'of the world and in different geological formations.
Page 17 - ... remove the original oily vapors produced as quickly as possible from the retort in such a way as to avoid condensation or overheating.