Where is Uhuru?: Reflections on the Struggle for Democracy in Africa

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Fahamu/Pambazuka, 2009 - Business & Economics - 246 pages

'The issue of democracy and good governance as they relate to development and socio-economic transformation in Africa have been a focus of considerable discussion and debate in and outside the continent. These essays by Professor Shivji, a highly respected and critical Tanzanian academic, enrich the debate. Written from the perspective of an intellectual who has firm grounds within Tanzanian society and a comprehension of global events, Where is Uhuru? certainly sharpens the content of the discussion and debate. It is recommended reading for those interested in the struggle for democracy and development in Africa.'

Salim Ahmed Salim, former secretary general of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Trappings of neoliberalism

The neoliberal project, led by the IMF and World Bank, promised to correct many of the distortions in the African postcolonial environment. It pledged to engineer liberalisation and expand democratic space through competitive multiparty elections. For a people who had suffered years of statism, these promises were persuasive. Indeed, they accorded this project a level of legitimacy it otherwise would not have enjoyed. However, several decades down the line, Issa G. Shivji aptly asks, Where is Uhuru?

Africa at mercy of foreign imperialism

Few people, if any, can testify to the success of the envisaged reforms. Instead, neoliberalism failed to guarantee a sustainable basis for freedom, rights and prosperity. These essays show that the reform period opened the continent to greater privation by a more emboldened local political class who, under pressure from or by acquiescing to foreign imperialist forces, undermined the struggles for democratic transformation and economic empowerment.

Africa's right to self-determination

Whether one is examining the rewards of multiparty politics, the dividends from a new constitutional dispensation, the processes of land reform, women's rights to property, or the Pan-Africanist project for emancipation, Shivji illustrates how all these have suffered severe body blows. Shivji not only calls for a new, Africa-centred line of thinking that is unapologetic of the continent's right to self-determination, but through these essays sets out examples of how such thinking should proceed.

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Contents

Introduction 1
1
Part 1 Contested Terrain of Democratic Politics 7
7
1 Critical elements of a new democratic consensus in Africa 8
8
2 Good governance bad governance 20
20
3 Towards a new democratic politics 30
30
a contested terrain 40
40
Part 2 The State of the Debate on Constitutionalism 49
49
5 Three generations of constitutions 50
50
11 Reflections on the issue of women and land 139
139
Part 4 Intellectuals Biographies and Reminiscences 149
149
12 From neoliberalism to PanAfricanism 150
150
13 Walter Rodney a revolutionary intellectual 159
159
14 National autonomous development 167
167
15 The life and times of Babu 183
183
Part 5 PanAfricanism or Imperialism? 195
195
16 PanAfricanism or imperialism? 196
196

6 Towards a new constitutional order 64
64
7 Federalism constitutionalism and the crisis 79
79
8 Constitutional limits on parliamentary powers 93
93
A Terrain of Democratic Struggles 105
105
9 Land tenure problems and reforms in Tanzania 106
106
10 Grounding the debate on land 124
124
17 Globalisation and popular resistance 208
208
Part 6 Empires Lawlessness 221
221
18 Laws empire and empires lawlessness 222
222
Bibliography 229
229
Index 241
241
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About the author (2009)

Issa G. Shivji was professor of law at the University of Dar es Salaam until his retirement in 2006 after 36 years of service. He is currently holding the newly-established Mwalimu Nyerere Research Chair in Pan-African Studies at the same university. Shivji has published over a dozen books and numerous articles including Class Struggles in Tanzania (1976), The Concept of Human Rights in Africa (1989), Let the People Speak: Tanzania down the road to neo-liberalism (2006) and Accumulation in an African Periphery: A Theoretical Framework (2009).