Elements of Chemistry: Chemical physics. 1874. xv. 585 p

William Allen Miller

J. Wiley, 1874

Contents

• Chemical Distinction of Bodies into Elements and Compounds: 1
• Characters of Chemical Attraction: 7
• Combining ProportionsEquivalentsAtoms: 13
• TABLE OF CONTENTS XV: 17
• 127: 20
• CHAPTER II: 27
• The Hydrometer: 33
• On some Varieties of Molecular Force 35120: 35
• Elasticity of Solids and Liquids: 36
• Repulsion among the particles of Gases: 37
• The AirPump: 38
• AirPump with a Single Barrel: 39
• Elasticity of the Air: 40
• Weight of the Air: 41
• The Household Pump: 42
• The Barometer and Pressure Gauge: 43
• The Syphon: 45
• Downward Pressure of the Atmosphere: 46
• The Pneumatic Trough: 47
• The Mercurial Trough: 48
• Density of the Atmosphere at different heights: 50
• Cohesion 5155: 51
• Measurement of Cohesion: 52
• Cohesion of Liquids: 53
• Influence of Heat on Cohesion: 55
• Cements: 56
• Capillary Action: 57
• Variation in degree of Capillary Action of Liquids: 58
• Capillary Depression of Mercury: 59
• Extensive Operation of Capillary Actions: 60
• Influence of Surface on Adhesion: 61
• Solution: 62
• Adhesion between Liquids: 65
• Diffusion of LiquidsMode of Measuring it: 67
• Laws of the Diffusion of Liquids: 68
• Endosmosis and Exosmosis: 71
• The OsmometerConditions of Osmose: 72
• DialysisCrystalloidsColloids: 76
• Flow of Liquids through Capillary Tubes: 77
• PARAGRAPH PAGE 64 Adhesion of Gases to LiquidsSolubility of Gases: 81
• Adhesion of Gases to Solids: 82
• Desiccation of Gases: 84
• Diffusion of Gases: 85
• Effusion of Gases: 88
• Transpiration of Gases: 89
• Passage of Gases throngh Diaphragms: 92
• Separation of Bodies by Cold or Heat: 93
• Crystallization 94120: 94
• Modes of obtaining Crystals: 95
• Separation of Salts by the process of Crystallization: 97
• Circumstances which modify Crystalline Form: 98
• Change of Bulk in the Act of Solidification: 99
• Development of Crystalline Form in Solids: 100
• Structure of CrystalsCleavage: 102
• Goniometers: 103
• Symmetry of Crystalline Form: 105
• PARAGRAPH: 106
• Classification of Crystals: 107
• Isomorphism: 112
• Chemical Bearings of Isomorphism: 114
• Isomorphous Groups: 115
• Dimorphism: 116
• Allotropy: 118
• CHAPTER IV: 120
• Sources of Light 121: 121
• Theories of LightUndulations: 123
• Varieties of SoundQualityPitch: 124
• Mechanism of Undulation: 126
• Transparency and Opacity: 127
• Law of the Diminution of Light by Distance: 128
• Reflection from Plane Surfaces: 129
• Reflection from Curved Surfaces: 130
• Refraction: 131
• Law of the Sines: 132
• Refraction at Inclined Surfaces: 133
• Total Reflection: 134
• Wollastons Method of ascertaining Refractive Power: 135
• Prismatic Analysis of Light: 137
• Theory of ColoursAbsorption: 138
• 105a Dispersive Power: 140
• Interference: 164
• Influence of Crystalline Form on Double Refraction: 170
• Colours in Plates cut perpendicular to the Axis: 178
• Expansion of Gases: 191
• Increase in the Ratio of Dilatation with Rise of Temperature: 198
• Determination of the Specific Gravity of Vapours: 204
• PARAGRAPH PAGB II On the Equilibrium of Temperature 207231: 207
• Inequality in the Rate of Conduction in different Directions: 211
• Convection of Heat: 212
• Currents in GasesVentilation: 214
• Trade WindsLand and Seabreezes: 215
• Gulf Stream: 216
• Radiation of Heat: 217
• Absorption of Heat: 218
• Connexion between Absorption and Radiation: 219
• Formation of Dew: 220
• Law of Cooling by Radiation: 222
• Transmission of Heat through ScreensDiathermacy: 224
• Diathermacy of Gases and Vapours: 226
• Influence of Structure on Diathermacy: 228
• Refraction of Heat: 229
• Separation of Radiant Heat from Light: 230
• Double Refraction and Polarization of Heat: 231
• Specific HeatLatent Heat 232294: 232
• 169a Causes of Variation of Specific Heat: 233
• Variation in Amount of Specific Heat according to Physical State: 236
• Specific Heat of Gases and Vapours: 237
• Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight: 240
• Atomic Heats of Compounds: 242
• TABLE OF CONTENTS NO: 243
• Disappearance of Heat during LiquefactionLatent Heat: 245
• Freezing Mixtures: 247
• Regelation of Ice: 251
• Evolution of Heat during Solidification Solidification: 252
• Disappearance of Heat during the Formation of Vapour: 253
• Ebullition: 254
• Influence of Adhesion on the Boiling Point: 256
• Influence of Solids in Solution upon the Boiling Point: 257
• Influence of Pressure on the Boiling Point: 258
• Measurement of Heights by the Boiling Point: 259
• High Pressure Steam: 260
• Production of Cold during Evaporation: 261
• Measurement of the Latent Heat of Vapours: 263
• Economical Applications of Steam: 265
• Distillation: 268
• Evaporation: 272
• Daltons Law of the Tension of Vapours: 274
• Limit of Evaporation: 276
• PARAGRAPH PAGH 192 Circumstances which influence the Rate of Evaporation: 277
• Dew Point: 280
• Daniells Hygrometer: 281
• Wet Bulb Hygrometer: 282
• Liquefaction and Solidification of Gases: 284
• Pressure exerted by Condensed Gases: 287
• Spheroidal State produced by Heat: 292
• Atomic Relations of Heat Evolved in Chemical Combination 294313: 294
• Early Experiments: 296
• Researches of Favre and Silbermann: 298
• Quantities of Heat Evolved during Combustion: 299
• Influence of Dimorphism: 301
• Heat Evolved during Decomposition: 302
• Indirect Methods of Estimating Calorific Equivalents: 303
• Mercurial Calorimeter: 305
• Heat Evolved during Metallic Precipitation: 306
• Calorific Equivalents of Elements: 308
• Heat Evolved during the Action of Acids on Bases: 309
• Heat Absorbed during Solution of Salts: 312
• Heat Evolved during Solution of Gases: 313
• Magnetism 314323: 314
• Magnetic Induction: 315
• Preparation of Magnets: 317
• Influence of Molecular Actions on Magnetism: 318
• Measurement of the Magnetic Intensity of a Bar 31 9: 319
• Declination or Variation: 320
• Variation in the Intensity of the Earths Magnetism: 321
• Static Electricity 323364: 323
• Insulators and Conductors: 325
• ElectroscopesCoulombsPeltiers Electrometer: 326
• PARAGRAРН PAGE 227 Electrical Hypotheses: 328
• Electrical Induction: 330
• Faradays Theory of Induction: 332
• Distribution of the Electric Charge: 333
• Electrical Machines: 335
• Further Illustrations of Induction: 337
• Spread of Induction: 339
• The Leyden Jar: 340
• Measures of Electricity: 344
• Specific Induction: 346
• Various Modes of Discharge: 347
• Development of Heat: 349
• Disruptive Discharge: 350
• Velocity of Discharge: 352
• Striking Distance: 353
• Convection: 356
• Other Sources of ElectricityHeatFracture: 357
• Electricity from Chemical Action: 358
• Electricity of Vapour: 359
• Atmospheric ElectricityLightning Rods: 360
• Aurora Borealis: 363
• Galvanic or Voltaic Electricity 364450: 364
• Simple Voltaic Circuits: 365
• Activity of the Conducting Wire: 366
• The Galvanometer: 367
• Summary of the Effects produced by the Conducting Wire: 370
• the Crown of Cups: 371
• Electric Disturbance produced by Contact: 372
• Necessity of Chemical Action to produce Voltaic Action: 373
• Energy of the Current proportionate to the Chemical Activity: 376
• Protection of Ships Sheathing: 380
• Circuits with One Metal and Two Liquids: 382
• General Summary: 383
• Groves Gas Battery: 384
• Daniells Battery: 387
• Groves NitricAcid BatteryBunsens Coke Battery: 389
• Smees Battery: 390
• Resistances to the Voltaic Current: 391
• Differences between a Simple and a Compound Circuit: 393
• Ohms Formulæ: 395
• Chemical Decomposition: 397
• The Voltameter: 398
• PARAGRAPH PAGD 273 Further Application of Ohms Formulæ: 399
• Wheatstones Rheostat and Resistance Coils: 401
• Processes of Voltaic Discharge: 404
• ConductionConducting Power of Solids: 405
• Heating Effects in Wires 499: 411
• Conducting Power of Gases: 413
• Chemical Actions: 418
• Relative Decomposability of Electrolytes: 422
• Electrolysis of Salts: 423
• Bearing of Electrolysis on the Theory of Salts: 425
• Unequal Transfer of Ions during Electrolysis: 429
• Electrovection or Electrical Endosmose: 431
• Secondary Results of Electrolysis: 433
• Nascent State of Bodies: 436
• Theory of the Electrical Origin of Chemical Attraction: 437
• Electrotype or Voltatype Processes: 440
• Preparation of Moulds for Electrotyping: 441
• Electrozincing c: 443
• Electroplating: 444
• Electrogilding: 445
• Resemblances between Static and Voltaic Electricity: 446
• Delucs Dry PileZambonis Pile: 447
• Water Battery: 448
• ElectroMagnetism 450465: 450
• Influence of a Conducting Wire in exciting Magnetism: 451
• Formation of ElectroMagnets: 452
• Molecular Movements during the Magnetization of Bars: 453
• Laws of ElectroMagnetism: 454
• Ampères Theory of ElectroMagnetism: 455
• Mutual Influence of Wires which are conveying Currents: 456
• ElectroMagnetic Rotations: 458
• Electric Telegraph: 460
• MagnetoElectricity 465481: 465
• MagnetoElectric Induction: 466
• Ruhmkorffs MagnetoElectric Induction CoilStratified Electric Discharge: 468
• Henrys Coils: 473
• Aragos Rotations: 476
• MagnetoElectric Machines: 478
• PARAGRAPH PAGR VI ThermoElectricity 481486: 481
• ThermoMultiplier: 483
• Reduction of Temperature by the Electric Current: 485
• Animal Electricity 486488: 486
• The Muscular Current in Living Animals: 487
• Diamagnetism 488503: 488
• Magnetism of Bodies in general: 490
• Diamagnetism: 491
• Diamagnetism of Gases: 492
• List of Magnetic and Diamagnetic Bodies: 494
• Influence of Chemical Composition upon the Magnetic or Diamag netic State: 495
• Influence of Structure on Diamagnetism: 496
• Law of Diamagnetic Repulsion: 497
• Mutual Relations of different kinds of Force: 499
• INDEX: 505
• 31: 508

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Bibliographic information

• Title: Elements of Chemistry: Chemical physics. 1874. xv. 585 p; Part 1 of Elements of Chemistry: Theoretical and Practical. Part I-[III], William Allen Miller
• Author: William Allen Miller
• Publisher: J. Wiley, 1874
• Original from: the University of Michigan
• Digitized: Feb 17, 2006