Biotechnology: The Biological Principles |
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acceptor acetate acetyl CoA activity amino acids anaplerotic antibiotic auxotrophic bacteria batch culture biomass biosynthetic biotechnology carbon dioxide carbon monoxide catalyst chemical cloning coenzyme commercial compounds containing continuous culture cost dehydrogenase dilution rate dissolved oxygen concentration dm³ effect electron transport enzyme's example fed-batch fermentation formaldehyde formate gene genetic engineering genetic manipulation genome glucose glutamate glyoxylate glyoxylate cycle growing growth rate H₂O hydrocarbons hydrogen immobilized enzyme increase industrial inoculum inserted involved isocitrate isolated limited malate medium metabolism methane methanogens methanol methylamine methylotrophs micro-organisms microbial molecules mono-oxygenase mRNA mutants one-carbon substrates organisms oxaloacetate oxidase oxidized penicillin phase phosphate plasmid polymer polypeptide potential precursors production protein protoplast pyruvate reaction reactor recombinant reduced regeneration replication result RMP pathway route secondary metabolite Section sequence soluble specific stability strain substrate substrate concentration synthesis synthetase TCA cycle techniques three-carbon threonine two-carbon utilize vector yeast yield