A Comparative Grammar of the Sanskrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German, and Sclavonic Languages, Volume 2 |
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Common terms and phrases
abbreviation according accusative adverbs analogy answers aorist appears augment auxiliary verb belongs Burnouf Carniolan cognate languages combination compound conjugation conjunctive vowel consonant contraction corresponds corruption dative declension demonstrative base derivation diphthong dual euphonic expressed feminine future genitive Gothic Greek Guna hence identical imperative imperfect interrogative Latin latter lengthened Lithuanian locative lost masculine meaning middle Middle High German modal mood nasal neuter nominative numbers occurs Old High German Old Sclavonic original participle particle passive perfect periphrasis personal terminations Prâkrit precative preceding prefix preposition present preserved pronominal base pronoun radical consonant radical vowel recognise reduplicated preterite regard relation remarked retained Sanskrit and Zend second person plural secondary forms shortened sibilant signifies skrit sound special tenses stands subjunctive suffix suppressed syllable of reduplication tenth class theme third person third person plural third person singular thou tion tive Vêda Vêdic Vend verb substantive Vocalismus weakened whence word
Popular passages
Page 677 - This person, however, is more closely defined by the personal terminations, whether it be ' I,' ' thou,' or
Page 733 - ... has been expressed for the first time in my system of conjugation. If it is generally admitted that grammatical forms may possibly arise through composition, then certainly nothing is more natural than in the conjugation of attributive verbs, to expect the introduction of the verb substantive.
Page 779 - That which in the old Slavonic has become a rule in the first person of the three numbers, viz. the gutturalization of an original s, may have occasionally taken place in the Greek, but carried throughout all numbers.
Page 523 - ... does not belong to an individual, is not to remove it entirely, or to deny its existence, but to take it away from the vicinity, from the individuality of a person, or to place the person on the other side of the quality or thing designated, and represent it as somewhat " other," than the person. But that which, in Sanskrit, signifies " this," means also, for the most part, "that...
Page 700 - ... which I have endeavored, with my utmost ability, to effect, was to trace, on the one hand, the resemblances into the most retired corner of the construction of the language, and, on the other hand, as far as possible, to refer the greater or the less discrepancies to laws through which they become possible or necessary. It is, however, of itself evident, that there may exist languages which, in the interval of thousands of years in which **l.
Page 700 - ELEMENTS. they have been separated from the sources whence they arose, have, in a great measure, so altered the forms of words, that it is no longer practicable to refer them to the mother dialect, if it be still existing and known. Such languages may be regarded as independent, and the people who speak them may be considered Autochthones.
Page 720 - Sanscrit with its cognate languages, a difference of meaning existed between the two augmented preterites, we are compelled to adopt the opinion, that the language began very early to employ, for different ends, two forms which, at the period of formation, had the same signification, and to attach finer degrees of meaning to trifling, immaterial differences of form. It is requisite to observe here, that, in the history of languages, the case not unfrequently occurs, that one and the same form is,...
Page 694 - Sanskrit stem. But even so early as in my System of Conjugation, the establishment of a connection of languages was not so much a final object with me, as the means of penetrating into the secrets of lingual development, since languages, which were originally one, but during thousands of years have been guided by their own individual destiny, mutually clear up and complete one another, inasmuch as one in this place, another in that, has preserved the original organization in a more healthy and sound...
Page 700 - ... that a relationship exists between the two languages. The same kind of reasoning may be extended to several languages of the same family, or to several families of the same stock, to prove an affinity between them. § 12. ANALOGIES IN THE GOTHIC FAMILY, SHOWING THEIR AFFINITY.
Page 697 - ... the Sanskrit universally the distinction of having preserved its original character : I have, on the contrary, often noticed, in the earlier portions of this work, and also in my System of Conjugation, and in the Annals of Oriental Literature for the year 1820, that the Sanskrit has, in many points, experienced alterations where one or other of the European sister idioms has more truly transmitted to us the original form. Thus it is undoubtedly in accordance with a true retention of the original...