Entropy And Its Physical MeaningThis text gives students a clear and easily understood introduction to entropy - a central concept in thermodynamics, but one which is often regarded as the most difficult to grasp. Professor Dugdale first presents a classical and historical view of entropy, looking in detail at the scientists who developed the concept, and at how they arrived at their ideas. This is followed by a statistical treatment which provides a more physical portrait of entropy, relating it to disorder and showing how physical and chemical systems tend to states of order at low temperatures. Dugdale includes here a brief account of some of the more intriguing manifestations of order in properties such as superconductivity and superfluidity.Entropy and Its Physical Meaning also includes a number of exercises which can be used for both self- learning and class work. It is intended to provide a complete understanding of the concept of entropy, making it valuable reading for undergraduates in physics, physical sciences and engineering, and for students studying thermodynamics within other science courses such as meteorology, biology and medicine. |
Contents
III | 3 |
IV | 5 |
V | 11 |
VI | 13 |
VII | 14 |
IX | 15 |
X | 16 |
XI | 19 |
XLIX | 105 |
L | 109 |
LI | 112 |
LII | 115 |
LV | 119 |
LVI | 120 |
LVII | 121 |
LVIII | 122 |
XII | 21 |
XIII | 22 |
XIV | 23 |
XV | 24 |
XVI | 27 |
XVII | 28 |
XVIII | 35 |
XIX | 36 |
XX | 39 |
XXI | 43 |
XXII | 44 |
XXIV | 46 |
XXV | 48 |
XXVI | 49 |
XXVII | 51 |
XXVIII | 53 |
XXIX | 55 |
XXX | 57 |
XXXII | 59 |
XXXIII | 62 |
XXXIV | 65 |
XXXV | 67 |
XXXVI | 70 |
XXXVII | 78 |
XXXVIII | 79 |
XXXIX | 82 |
XL | 84 |
XLI | 87 |
XLII | 92 |
XLIII | 93 |
XLIV | 95 |
XLV | 100 |
XLVI | 101 |
XLVII | 102 |
XLVIII | 103 |
LIX | 123 |
LX | 124 |
LXI | 125 |
LXIII | 127 |
LXV | 129 |
LXVI | 131 |
LXVII | 133 |
LXVIII | 135 |
LXIX | 139 |
LXX | 141 |
LXXI | 142 |
LXXII | 143 |
LXXIII | 145 |
LXXIV | 147 |
LXXV | 149 |
LXXVI | 151 |
LXXVII | 152 |
LXXVIII | 154 |
LXXX | 158 |
LXXXI | 159 |
LXXXII | 162 |
| 163 | |
LXXXV | 165 |
LXXXVI | 166 |
LXXXVII | 167 |
LXXXVIII | 170 |
LXXXIX | 171 |
XC | 173 |
XCI | 175 |
XCII | 177 |
XCIII | 181 |
XCIV | 185 |
XCV | 193 |
| 195 | |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute temperature absolute zero adiabatic processes assembly bath behaviour body Boltzmann Bose-Einstein Carnot cycle Carnot engine classical cooling cycle defined density depends distribution numbers electrons energy levels entropy change equation example Exercises Q1 Fermi-Dirac gas Figure free energy function gas scale gases given heat capacity heat engine heat entering helium high temperatures ideal gas interaction internal energy irreversible isothermal Joule-Thomson kinetic latent heat lattice law of thermodynamics liquid He¹ low temperatures lowest temperatures magnetic field mass means measure metal microstates mole molecules n₁ nuclear spin number of microstates number of molecules number of particles number of stationary occupation numbers parameter path phase Pmax properties quantity quantum mechanics quasi-static Sackur-Tetrode equation second law solid statistical mechanics substance superconducting superfluid T₁ tends to zero thermodynamic equilibrium third law total energy vanish velocity vibrations ε ε