Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems |
Contents
AN INTRODUCTION | 1 |
THE SUBJECT IS ORGANIZATIONS | 3 |
ORGANIZATIONS AS AN AREA OF STUDY | 8 |
Copyright | |
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activities administrative approach argues assess associated attempt authority behavior Blau bureaucracy cathectic chapter characteristics coalition complex concept contingency theory coordination criteria cybernetic decision defined developed differentiation dimensions distinctive effectiveness emphasize employed environmental Etzioni evaluation example external factors focus function Gouldner groups Hawthorne studies hierarchy highly important increasing individual industrial inputs interdependence interests James G loosely coupled Lorsch managers Max Weber measures ments natural selection natural system perspective nizations norms noted open systems perspective operations orga organiza organization's organizational forms organizational structure outcomes outputs participants performance Pfeffer and Salancik political problems processes production professional rational system perspective rational-legal authority relation response roles scientific management Scott selection Selznick Simon society Sociology specific strategies studies system model system theorists technical core Thompson tional tions tive total institutions types of organizations typology uncertainty units variables vary Weber workers