Complications of Urologic Surgery: Prevention and ManagementRobert B. Smith, Donald G. Skinner |
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agents allow anastomosis approach artery associated avoid bladder neck bleeding blood bowel catheter cause cent clinical closed closure common complete complications continued correction develop disease dissection distal diversion dose drain drainage effective et al factor failure Figure fistula flap frequently function glucose graft important incision incontinence increased indicated infection injury kidney later less ligation lower ment method mobilized muscle necessary nephrectomy normal obstruction occur operative patients pelvis performed perineal period placed position possible posterior postoperative prefer prevent problem procedure prostatectomy prostatic radiation reconstruction reflux removed renal renal artery repair reported require resection result segment selected severe showed side skin stricture Surg surgeon surgery surgical suture technique therapy tients tion tissue transplantation treated treatment tube tumor upper ureter urethral urinary urinary tract urine Urol urologic usually valves vascular vein vesical vessels wall wound