Betz Handbook of Industrial Water Conditioning |
Common terms and phrases
acid additives air preheater alkalinity amines ammonia anion anion exchange resin areas attack backwash blowdown boiler feedwater boiler water calcium carbonate calcium sulfate carbon dioxide carryover cation cause caustic chelant chemical chlorine chromate cleaning coagulant concentration condensate contain cooling tower cooling water copper corrosion inhibitors deaeration demineralizer deposits dissolved solids effective effluent embrittlement equipment evaporation feed Figure film filter flow fouling fuel gases heat heater hydrazine hydroxide increase inhibitors ion exchange iron lime liquor magnesium makeup water metal operation oxide oxygen particles percent phosphate plant polymer precipitation pressure problems produce psig pulp pump raw water reaction recirculating reduce regeneration removal resin result salts scale scrubber silica sludge soda sodium sulfite soluble solution spray steam purity steel sulfate sulfur sulfur trioxide sulfuric acid superheater surface tank temperature tion trisodium phosphate tube turbine unit usually valve zeolite