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१० ११ १२ १३ १४ 3rd pl 3rd sing a-class a-conjugation accent adjectives adverbs anusvāra aorist ascetic atra becomes Brahman caus Çiva combination compounds conjugation consonant declension diphthong Dual Exercise final member gerund guna gunated Hindus idem Imperfect impf inflection initial instr intr kāma king Lesson lingual masc masculine middle mute nasal neut neuter noun participle pass passive Periphrastic Plural postpos prefix prepositions present-stem prior member pron pronoun Rāma reduplication Rigveda roots ending sacrifice Sanskrit Primer semivowel sibilant Singular sometimes sonant stem strong forms Subst suffix surd syllable tense Vedic Verbs visarga Vocabulary vowel vṛddhi weak forms weakest words अत्र इति कृ घ् त् दा धर्म न् प्र भू वा सह स् स्था हन् हे
Popular passages
Page 14 - IV. Accent. 80. The phenomena of accent are, by the Hindu grammarians of all ages alike, described and treated as depending on a variation of tone or pitch; of any difference of stress involved, they make no account. 81. The primary tones (svara) or accent-pitches are two : a higher (udatta, 'raised'), or acute ; and a lower (anudatta, 'not raised'), or grave.
Page 134 - Secondary adjective compounds, the value of which is not given by a simple resolution into their component parts, but which, though having as final member a noun, are themselves adjectives. These, again, are of two sub-classes: A. Possessive compounds, which are nouncompounds of the preceding class, with the idea of 'possessing' added, turning them from nouns into adjectives; B.
Page 14 - It is also uniformly defined as compound in pitch, a union of higher and lower tone within the limits of a single syllable. It is thus identical in physical character with the Greek and Latin circumflex, and fully entitled to be called by the same name. 82. Strictly, therefore, there is but one distinction of tone in the Sanskrit accentual system : the accented syllable is raised in tone above the unaccented ; while then further, in certain cases of the fusion of an accented and an unaccented element...
Page 83 - In general, only one consonant, of whatever kind, is allowed to stand at the end of a word; if two or more would etymologically occur there, the last is dropped, and again the last, and so on, till only one remains... Thus, tudants becomes tudant, and this tudan; udaffc-s becomes udafik ..., and this udan fwhere n stands for tj, T.VJ ; and achantst ... is in like manner reduced to achan...
Page 141 - previously seen', parinltapurv a , 'already married', somapltapurva, 'having formerly drunk soma', stnpurva, 'formerly a woman'. III. Secondary Adjective Compounds. 1292. A compound having a noun as its final member very often wins secondarily the value of an adjective, being inflected in the three genders to agree with the noun which it qualifies, and used in all the constructions of an adjective.
Page 33 - Q f — : and this, not only if the altering letter stands immediately before the nasal, but at whatever distance from the latter it may be found: unless, indeed, there intervene (a consonant moving the front of the tongue : namely) a palatal (except £T y) , a lingual, or a dental.
Page 22 - case';, etc. The object sought in the arrangement is simply to set next to one another those cases which are to a greater or less extent, in one or another number, identical in form • and, putting the nominative first, as leading case, there is no other order by which that object could be attained. The vocative is not considered and named by the native grammarians as a case like the rest...
Page 18 - As there is also great variety in the manner in which different roots form their present-stems, this, as being their most conspicuous difference, is made the basis of their principal classification; and a verb is said to be of this or that conjugation, or class, according to the way in which its present-stem is made.
Page 21 - ... the later language : for the rest, see the dictionaries. Prepositions. 1123. There is, as already stated, no proper class of prepositions (in the modern sense of that term), no body of words having for their exclusive office the "government" of nouns. But many of the adverbial words indicated above are used with nouns in a way which approximates them to the more fully developed prepositions of other languages. If one and another of such words — as vina, rte — occurs almost solely in prepositional...
Page 2 - The theory of the devanaffari, as of the other Indian modes of writing, is syllabic and consonantal. That is to say, it regards as the written unit, not the simple sound, but the syllable (aksara}; and further, as the substantial part of the syllable, the consonant (or the consonants) preceding the vowel — this latter being merely implied, or. if written, being written by a subordinate sign attached to the consonant. . 9. Hence follow these two principles: A. The forms of the...