Medial Mandibular Ramus: Ontogenetic, Idiosyncratic, and Geographic Variation in Recent Homo, Great Apes, and Fossil HominidsThis work focuses on the morphology of the medial mandibular ramus as its topography reflects changing relationships within the Hominoidea between the midface, mandible, cranial base, and neck. Specifically, it focuses on a mandibular minus character state, the 'medial pterygoid tubercle' (MPT), as its usage raises broad issues related to interpreting osseous morphology in ontogenetic, taxonomic, and phylogenetic contexts. Knowledge of how bony topography arises and is maintained throughout ontogeny has direct relevance to all analyses of skeletal remains. The study thus demonstrates how an expanded emphasis on understanding ontogeny and variation throughout growth will provide an improved basis for the taxonomic study and significantly expanded understanding of the phylogenetic history of hominids. |
Contents
MATERIALS AND METHODS | 4 |
RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND DESCRIPTION OF MEDIAL RAMAL BONY | 14 |
Description of bony medial ramus anatomy and related soft tissues in ontogenetic samples | 26 |
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Common terms and phrases
adult afarensis AmHs Amud Anat anatomy Anthrop apes ArHs assessment attachment sites Australopithecus autapomorphic Benjamin and Ralphs bone complex concavity consider craniofacial Creed-Miles developmental differences Eijden endocondyloidea entheses erectus Eriksson and Thornell Evol extension fibrocartilage Figure foramen fossil Further Hems and Tillmann hominids Homo individuals infants inferior border insertion sites intermedia KNM-BK Krapina latter ligament mandible mandibulae masseter masticatory muscles Meckel's cartilage medial ramus medially projecting morphology MPT character muscle fibers mylohyoid groove Neanderthals neurovascular bundle observed occurs ontogenetic ontogeny orientation Orthod pattern periosteum phylogenetic phys Pleistocene posterior component posterior ramal border present primordia pterygoid tubercle pterygoideus medialis attachment pterygoideus medialis insertion recent H region relationship relative Roc de Marsal sample sapiens septa septal attachments septum similar soft tissue specimens sphenomandibulare s.l. structures subadult sulcus superior aspect Tabun taxa taxonomic tendon Tillier Trinkaus troglodytes tubercle variable variation whereas Zafarraya Zhoukoudian