Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach |
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20 minutes ability adaptationist adaptive adult aggressive allele alternative altruism Animal Behavior AVS Penn bats beetle Belding's ground squirrels benefits birds bluegills brains breeding burrow butterfly calories cercus chances Chapter coefficient of relatedness Color competition Coolidge Effect copulate costs cycle echolocation ECOLOGY effect eggs environment environmental evolution evolved exhibit experience favor feeding fertilized film foodplant foraging gain genes genetic differences ground squirrel group selectionist gulls homosexuality Honeybee hormonal human behavior hypothesis predicts inclusive fitness indirect fitness individuals infanticide infrasound inland garter snakes interactions mammals mating system mutation natural selection nest noctuid noctuid moths nonterritorial optimal parasites parental investment partner percent polygyny population possible potential predators prey produce proximate mechanisms receptive females reduced relatives reproductive success response sexual selection singing behavior slugs Social Behavior sociobiological sociobiologists song sparrow sperm surviving offspring swamp sparrow tactic tail tail-flag territory testosterone tion trait types ultimate hypotheses white-crowned sparrow