Africa in History: Themes and Outlines |
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able achieved Algiers appeared authority became become began beginning Berber British called carried central century chiefs Christian cities civilization coast colonial conquest continued culture dates earlier early East eastern effective Egypt Egyptian emergence empire established Europe European evidence example followed forms French further Ghana gold gradually groups growing growth hundred importance independence influence inland interests invasion Iron Age Islam kind kingdoms kings labour lands later least less lived Mali means Middle military movement Muslim neighbours never Niger Nile northern Ocean organization origins perhaps period political population Portuguese production reached reasons region remained rise rule rulers Sahara slave social society Songhay soon southern spread Stone strong successful territories thought thousand tion took towns trade traditions West Africa western Western Sudan whole wide