Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open SystemsDemonstrates how the many models and theories of organizations can be reduced to a few, manageable perspectives. This new third edition updates research and theoretical literature, offers expanded coverage of new economic approaches and strategic management and includes comparative studies. |
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Page 15
... level , organizational char- acteristics are viewed as context or environment , and the investigator at- tempts to ... analysis , the focus is on the organization as a collective actor functioning in a larger system of relations . At this ...
... level , organizational char- acteristics are viewed as context or environment , and the investigator at- tempts to ... analysis , the focus is on the organization as a collective actor functioning in a larger system of relations . At this ...
Page 126
... level of analysis selected . In Chapter 1 we identified the social psycho- logical , structural , and ecological ... level — all of the analyses to be developed in this chapter are within this level . ' It is helpful to identify four ...
... level of analysis selected . In Chapter 1 we identified the social psycho- logical , structural , and ecological ... level — all of the analyses to be developed in this chapter are within this level . ' It is helpful to identify four ...
Page 127
... level of analysis . While the organization - set level of analysis has proved extremely useful in directing attention to the impact of information and resource flows and relations on a select organization , it does so at the expense of ...
... level of analysis . While the organization - set level of analysis has proved extremely useful in directing attention to the impact of information and resource flows and relations on a select organization , it does so at the expense of ...
Contents
Three Perspectives on Organizations | 27 |
Organizations as Natural Systems | 51 |
Organizations as Open Systems | 76 |
Copyright | |
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action activities actors adapt administrative analysts approach argues arrangements associated attempt attention authority become behavior bureaucratic central Chapter characteristics collective companies complex conception concern continue contributions corporate created criteria decision defined dependence described determine developed discussed distinctive effectiveness emphasize employed environment examine example existence expected extent firms formal forms function given goals groups human important increasing individual industrial influence institutional interdependence interests internal labor larger less managers markets means measures natural natural system norms noted open systems operate organizational organizations participants particular performance persons perspective political positions problems processes production rational rational system relations relatively response roles rules selection situation social society sources specific strategies structure studies suggest task technical theorists theory types uncertainty units values vary workers