Woodland Conservation and ManagementNew edition of book which is a course text in woodland conservation and management. The text has been updated throughout and has a major new chapter dealing with developments in conservation and management policies over the last ten years in a European context, including developments in vegetation classification systems and outcomes of management policies. |
Contents
Original natural woodland | 3 |
12 Atlantic forests in Britainzz | 6 |
13 Natural woodland since the Atlantic periodz | 9 |
Ancient woodland and traditional management | 11 |
22 Common woods and the origins of wood pasture | 12 |
23 Forests chases and deer parks | 13 |
24 Coppice management | 17 |
25 Origins and trends in coppice management | 24 |
123 Forestry and nature conservation in Britain | 197 |
124 Objectives of nature conservation in woodlands | 199 |
125 Priorities in species conservation | 200 |
126 Priorities in woodland habitat conservation | 201 |
127 Other features of interest | 203 |
Observation and recording in woodlands | 205 |
133 Bank and ditch maps | 208 |
134 Species lists | 212 |
26 Woodland in Scotland | 30 |
27 Distribution of ancient woodland | 34 |
Ecological characteristics of ancient woods | 42 |
32 Soils of primary woodland | 44 |
33 Flora of ancient coppice woodlands | 46 |
34 Cyclic effects of coppicing on the flora | 52 |
35 Natural features in existing coppices | 56 |
36 Flora of ancient wood pasture | 59 |
37 Fauna of ancient woodland | 62 |
High forest management | 66 |
42 Shelterwood systems | 69 |
43 Selection system | 72 |
44 Conversion of coppice to high forest | 74 |
45 Flora fauna and soils of high forest | 76 |
Recent secondary woodland | 79 |
52 Natural succession to woodland | 82 |
53 Afforestation | 84 |
54 Effects of upland afforestation on flora and fauna | 87 |
55 The flora of lowland secondary woods | 91 |
Longterm changes in the woodland flora | 97 |
62 Island theory and British woods | 99 |
Types of seminatural woodland in Britain | 105 |
Woodland classification | 107 |
72 Principles and approaches to woodland classification | 108 |
73 A new classification of seminatural stand types | 111 |
Types of ancient seminatural woodland | 117 |
82 Ashwych elm woodland Group 1 | 119 |
83 Ashmaple woodland Group 2 | 125 |
84 Hazelash woodland Group 3 | 130 |
85 Ashlime woodland Group 4 | 135 |
86 Oaklime woodland Group 5 | 139 |
87 Birchoak woodland Group 6 | 141 |
88 Alder woodland Group 7 | 148 |
89 Beech woodland Group 8 | 156 |
810 Hornbeam woodland Group 9 | 163 |
811 Suckering elm woodland Group 10 | 167 |
812 Pine woodland Group 11 | 170 |
813 Birch woodland Group 12 | 171 |
814 Conspectus of stand types in British ancient seminatural woodland | 173 |
Management variants of stand types | 175 |
92 Wood pasture variants | 176 |
94 Improved stands | 177 |
95 Plantation of native species | 178 |
Succession and stand types | 179 |
102 Scrub types | 181 |
103 Cyclic changes | 182 |
104 Longterm successions | 183 |
British woodland types in a European context | 185 |
112 Class Salicetea Purpureae | 186 |
115 Class Quercetea RoboriPetraeae | 187 |
116 Class QuercoFagetea | 188 |
Woodland nature conservation | 191 |
Objectives and priorities of nature conservation in British woodlands | 193 |
122 Wilderness and nature conservation | 195 |
135 Distribution of species within woods | 214 |
136 Vegetation maps | 218 |
137 Stand structure | 224 |
138 Monitoring | 227 |
139 Management records | 229 |
Assessment of woodlands for nature conservation | 231 |
their value for nature conservation | 232 |
the example of Foxley Wood | 238 |
144 Comparisons between woods | 240 |
145 Site comparisons based on species counts | 243 |
146 How many sites are needed? | 246 |
147 Assessments of parts of contiguous woodland | 247 |
Management for nature conservation | 251 |
Planning for nature conservation within forestry | 253 |
152 Strategic principles | 255 |
154 Natural areas considered as management units | 256 |
155 Sites as units for nature conservation | 259 |
Pattern and redistribution of woodland | 261 |
163 Afforestation and nature conservation | 265 |
164 Assessment of changes in woodland pattern | 267 |
165 Afforestation by natural succession | 269 |
Nature conservation aspects of woodland management | 270 |
choice and distribution of species | 271 |
174 Structure and management systems | 273 |
natural regeneration and planting | 275 |
176 Rides and other subsidiary habitats | 277 |
178 Management recording | 279 |
179 Plantation management in the uplands | 280 |
Management of seminatural woodland | 281 |
value and prospects | 284 |
184 Alternatives to traditional management | 289 |
185 Nature reserves in woodlands | 292 |
Integration of nature conservation with other objectives of woodland management | 295 |
193 The main categories of British woodland | 296 |
194 Ancient seminatural woodland | 297 |
195 Future developments | 298 |
197 Discussion | 300 |
British woodland management in a European context | 303 |
202 Woodland management | 305 |
203 Forestry and nature conservation | 307 |
Woodland conservation and management 19811992 | 310 |
212 Other aspects of woodland ecology | 315 |
213 Classification | 318 |
214 Survey assessment and inventory | 320 |
215 Changes in woodland pattern and extent | 324 |
216 Policy developments | 330 |
217 Woodland conservation management | 334 |
218 Upland forest management | 338 |
219 Creating new native woodlands | 341 |
2110 A new relationship between forestry and nature conservation | 344 |
References | 347 |
364 | |
369 | |
Common terms and phrases
Acer campestre afforestation alder alderwoods ancient woodland ancient woods Anemone nemorosa ash-maple ash-wych elm beech beechwoods Betula birch Britain broadleaved calcareous canopy century changes classification clearance colonise communities conifers coppice coppice management Corylus Crataegus developed dominated Dryopteris Dryopteris dilatata ecological Endymion non-scriptus England example field layer flora Forestry Commission Fraxinus grassland grazing ground groups habitats hazel Hedera helix high forest hornbeam land lime lowland mainly mature Mercurialis perennis natural regeneration natural woodland nature conservation nature reserves oakwoods occur pedunculate pedunculate oak Peterken petraea pine pinewoods plantations planting Primula vulgaris Pteridium aquilinum Quercus robur Rackham range rare recognised recorded Rubus fruticosus Salix Scotland scrub secondary woodland secondary woods semi-natural woodland semi-natural woods sessile sessile oak shrubs stand types structure sub-type survive sylvatica Tilia Tilia cordata timber trees Ulmus underwood upland vegetation Viola riviniana vulgaris whilst wildlife wood pasture woodland species woodland types