Cardiac AuscultationA practical guide to cardiac auscultation intended for student and postgraduate doctors, exploring both the physical and the technical methods of cardiac diagnosis. Features include a glossary of terms and eponyms, and a summary of findings in common cardiac disorders. |
Contents
Preface Acknowledgements | 1 |
Properties of sound | 3 |
The stethoscope | 5 |
Copyright | |
12 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
abnormal American aorta aortic regurgitation aortic stenosis aortic valve apex apical associated atrial audible Auscultation auscultatory becomes bell best heard cardiac cardiomyopathy chest close component congenital continuous delayed diaphragm diastolic murmur dilatation disease early systolic ejection sound expiration failure Figure findings flow followed frequency gallop grade Heart Journal hypertension increased inspiration intensity interval late systolic leaflet left atrial left side left sternal border left ventricle left ventricular Listen loud louder lower left sternal mid-diastolic murmur mid-systolic mitral regurgitation mitral stenosis mitral valve myocardial infarction normal obstruction occurs onset opening opening snap patient phase pre-systolic preceded present pressure produce pulmonary artery pulmonary stenosis pulmonary valve pulse rapid rhythm right ventricular second heart sound severe short shunt Signs soft splitting stethoscope systemic systolic ejection murmur systolic murmur tricuspid tricuspid valve usually valve closure venous ventricular filling ventricular septal defect volume wave