Hydrogen Energy: Background, Significance and FutureAlbert O. Backus In a world faced with massive and ever-growing energy demands where the environment is an important factor, an array of new technologies and or fuels are becoming a necessity, not a choice. Hydrogen may be one of those alternatives. Hydrogen can be produced from diverse domestic feedstocks using a variety of process technologies. Hydrogen-containing compounds such as, fossil fuels, biomass or even water can be a source of hydrogen. Thermochemical processes can be used to produce hydrogen from biomass and from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum. Power generated from sunlight, wind and nuclear sources can be used to produce hydrogen electrolytically. Sunlight alone can also drive photolytic production of hydrogen from water, using advanced photoelectrochemical and photobiological processes. |
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... produce hydrogen electrolytically . Sunlight alone can also drive photolytic production of hydrogen from water , using advanced photoelectrochemical and photobiological processes . Editor : A.O. Backus , pp . 1-7 2006 Nova Preface.
... produce hydrogen electrolytically . Sunlight alone can also drive photolytic production of hydrogen from water , using advanced photoelectrochemical and photobiological processes . Editor : A.O. Backus , pp . 1-7 2006 Nova Preface.
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... hydrogen as a major fuel in the next 50 years could fundamentally transform the U.S. energy system , creating opportunities to increase energy security through the use of a variety of domestic energy sources for hydrogen production ...
... hydrogen as a major fuel in the next 50 years could fundamentally transform the U.S. energy system , creating opportunities to increase energy security through the use of a variety of domestic energy sources for hydrogen production ...
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... hydrogen production , storage and use . In addition , universities have become more dominant players in our new applied research projects in hydrogen storage and renewable production announced by Secretary Abraham . Second , we have ...
... hydrogen production , storage and use . In addition , universities have become more dominant players in our new applied research projects in hydrogen storage and renewable production announced by Secretary Abraham . Second , we have ...
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... hydrogen infrastructure challenges . Three new technical teams , which consist of scientists and engineers from the 5 energy companies and DOE , were formed in the areas of hydrogen production , delivery and analysis to recommend ...
... hydrogen infrastructure challenges . Three new technical teams , which consist of scientists and engineers from the 5 energy companies and DOE , were formed in the areas of hydrogen production , delivery and analysis to recommend ...
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... hydrogen from $ 5 per gallon gasoline equivalent ( gge ) in 2003 to $ 3.60 per gge using innovative reforming and purification technologies . This cost does include co - production of electricity which enables a high capacity factor to ...
... hydrogen from $ 5 per gallon gasoline equivalent ( gge ) in 2003 to $ 3.60 per gge using innovative reforming and purification technologies . This cost does include co - production of electricity which enables a high capacity factor to ...
Contents
| 1 | |
| 9 | |
A National Vision of Americas Transition to a Hydrogen EconomyTo 2030 and Beyond United States Department of Energy | 75 |
Index | 113 |
Common terms and phrases
acceptance achieve activities alternative America's applications areas associated benefits better building carbon centralized challenges chemical clean codes and standards combined combustion consumer continue conversion coordinated cost delivery demand demonstration Department of Energy designs devices distributed efficiency efforts electricity electrolyzers emissions end-use energy carrier energy systems engines environmental existing expand facilities Federal focus fossil fuels fuel cells future heat hydrides hydrogen economy hydrogen energy hydrogen production hydrogen storage important improve industry infrastructure Institute integration International involves issues Lack liquid lower major manufacturers materials meeting methods natural gas nuclear operation organizations partnerships performance pipelines plants policies portable portable applications potential programs range reduce reforming renewable research and development Roadmap safety sources stationary stations supply tanks technologies testing thermal transition transportation turbines understanding United universities vehicles vision
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Page 22 - Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it does not naturally exist in large quantities or high concentrations on Earth — it must be produced from other compounds such as water, biomass, or fossil fuels. Various methods of production have unique needs in terms of energy sources (eg, heat, light, electricity) and generate unique by-products or emissions. Steam methane reforming accounts for 95% of the hydrogen produced in the United States.
Page 72 - DOC US Department of Commerce DOD US Department of Defense DOE US Department of Energy DOT US Department of Transportation...
Page 2 - Energy's hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle program and concluded that a transition to hydrogen "could fundamentally transform the US energy system, creating opportunities to increase energy security . . . while reducing environmental impacts." The National Academy study also recognized the enormous long-term potential of the hydrogen economy, and recommended expanding research in fuel cell cost reduction and durability, and in hydrogen storage, delivery and safety. The report, "The Hydrogen Economy...
Page 6 - IPHE is providing a mechanism to efficiently organize and coordinate multinational research, development and deployment programs that advance the transition to a global hydrogen economy.
Page 11 - The primary challenge to using more hydrogen in our energy systems is the cost of producing, storing, and transporting it. A serious challenge confronting a move toward distributed energy is the transition away from centralized energy systems of supply and production. These challenges are not expected to be resolved overnight, but progress made in the last few years has already far surpassed the expectations of just a...
Page 51 - These technologies tend to have applications in the higher power ranges of stationary generation. Portable Power Generation Today Portable applications for fuel cells include consumer electronics, business machinery, and recreational devices. Many participants in the fuel cell industry are developing small-capacity units for a variety of portable and premium power applications ranging from 25-watt systems for portable electronics to 10-kilowatt systems for critical commercial and medical functions....
Page 15 - ... National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap Workshop. The National Hydrogen Vision Meeting was held on November 1516, 2001, in Washington, DC. Participants included more than 50 business executives and public policy leaders from federal and state agencies, the US Congress, and environmental organizations. The US DOE initiated the meeting in response to recommendations in the National Energy Policy regarding hydrogen technologies. The aims of the meeting were to identify a common vision for the hydrogen...
Page 29 - At present, hydrogen is currently transported from a limited number of production plants by pipeline or by road via cylinders, tube trailers, and cryogenic tankers, with a small amount shipped by rail car or barge. Pipelines are employed as an efficient means to supply customer needs. The pipelines are currently limited to a few areas of the US where large hydrogen refineries and chemical plants are concentrated, such as in Indiana, California, Texas, and Louisiana.
Page 51 - It will be used in a large share of personal vehicles and light duty trucks. It will be combusted directly and mixed with natural gas in turbines and reciprocating engines to generate electricity and thermal energy for homes, offices, and factories. It will be used in fuel cells for both mobile and stationary applications.
Page 54 - ... developing low-cost and reusable fuel cell stacks and systems are required. In addition, the following must be done: • Increase demonstrations significantly. Demonstrations should showcase the near-term availability of multiple alternative technologies for distributed generation power parks. • Institute regulations, codes and standards to foster customer acceptance of the hydrogen vision. Standard nationwide interconnection agreements are needed to enable connection to the current electrical...