Animals of the Arctic: The Ecology of the Far North |
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Page 16
... forest penetrate far into tundra in sheltered valleys and hollows , and rising or swampy ground isolates islands of tundra within the forest edge . Still , the tree line is a good , natural boundary . On a hillside it can be defined ...
... forest penetrate far into tundra in sheltered valleys and hollows , and rising or swampy ground isolates islands of tundra within the forest edge . Still , the tree line is a good , natural boundary . On a hillside it can be defined ...
Page 22
... tundra coast with high forest - tundra inland . The Kola Peninsula is flatter and marshy , and the Arctic coast of eastern Russia has a wide belt of tundra and forest - tundra extending toward the foothills of the Ural Mountains . The ...
... tundra coast with high forest - tundra inland . The Kola Peninsula is flatter and marshy , and the Arctic coast of eastern Russia has a wide belt of tundra and forest - tundra extending toward the foothills of the Ural Mountains . The ...
Page 27
... tundra . All of the Siberian Arctic is under- lain with permafrost , in places over 300 metres deep . Only the uppermost metre thaws during the brief summer . Soils are dry and poor along the coast , richer inland toward the forest edge ...
... tundra . All of the Siberian Arctic is under- lain with permafrost , in places over 300 metres deep . Only the uppermost metre thaws during the brief summer . Soils are dry and poor along the coast , richer inland toward the forest edge ...
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Alaska alcids Arctic foxes Arctic hares Arctic Ocean Baffin Bering Strait Beringia breeding BREUMMER BREUMMER Canada Canadian archipelago caribou cliffs climate close coast coastal cold diving eastern Siberia Ellesmere Island environment Eskimos Eurasia feed fish forest forest-tundra fur seals glacial period grasses Greenland grey ground guillemots gulls Harp seals herbivores herds Hooded seals Hudson Bay hunted ice age ice caps ice sheets Iceland insects Labrador lakes land larvae latitudes lemmings lichens live mammals metres migrate million years ago mosses move musk-oxen nest North America northward numbers OTT/COLEMAN Pacific pack ice petrels phocids plankton polar basin polar bears polar regions predators prey pups reindeer reindeer moss rivers rocks Scandinavia sea birds sea ice sea lions season shallow shore Siberia skuas small mammals smaller snow soil southern species spread Subarctic summer surface waters Svalbard temperate temperatures tree line tundra vegetation voles waders walruses warm warmer weighing whales winter