Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Concepts and Instrumentation |
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absorbing achieved amplitude angle atoms birefringent broadening cavity cell coefficient coherent collisions components cross section cw dye decreases density depends detection detector diffraction diode dipole distribution Doppler width Doppler-free dye laser electronic emission emitted energy etalon example excited experimental factor filter fluorescence free spectral range gain profile Gaussian beam homogeneous incident infrared intensity interaction interferometer laser beam laser frequency laser resonator laser spectroscopy laser wavelength light line profile Lyot filter magnetic measured mirror mode modulation molecular beam molecules N₂ natural linewidth nonlinear obtain optical pumping oscillator phase photomultiplier photons Phys plane polarization population prism probe pulse quantum radiation field Raman laser Raman scattering Raman spectroscopy reflected refractive refractive index rotational sample saturation sensitivity shift signal single-mode slit spectral lines spectral resolution spectrometer spectrum spontaneous stabilized technique temperature thermal transition probability tunable lasers tuning two-photon velocity vibrational voltage wave