Oxygen Radicals in the Pathophysiology of Heart DiseasePawan K. Singal Over two centuries ago, oxygen was discovered as "air vital": the component of the earth's atmosphere necessary for life. Less than five years after this discovery, it was found that oxygen was both a life-sustaining and life threatening inhalant as it plays a role in the two extremes of the animal kingdom: life and death. In the subse quent years, we have made major strides in understanding the role of oxygen in maintaining life and volumes of information are now available on this topic. Our knowledge of the contribution of oxygen in cellular dysfunction and cell death which for the most part had lagged behind has begun to catch up. The deleterious ef fects of oxygen radicals and activated oxygen species on a variety of biological systems have now been described. Recently attention has also been focused on the toxic effects of oxygen on the cardiovascular system. The major aim of the present treatise is to offer an integrated view of the pathophysiological aspects of oxygen toxicity in the heart and blood vessels coupled with a review of therapeutic approaches (hopes?) with free radical scavengers and antioxidants. Internationally known expert investigators provide a concise and critical review on the topic of their expertise which also contains data from their own research. |
Contents
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS WHICH SUPPRESS LIPID PEROXIDATION | 13 |
CONTRASTING FEATURES OF PEROXIDE METABOLISM IN HEART | 25 |
FREE RADICAL AND IRONMEDIATED INJURY IN LYSOSOMES | 41 |
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a-tocopherol Acta activity agents allopurinol animals anthracycline antioxidant arrhythmias Biochem Biol Biophys calcium canine cardiac Cardiol catalase cell cellular Chem Circ Circulation Clin concentration coronary occlusion damage decrease diabetic dogs effect electron endothelial enzyme fatty acids formation free radical scavengers Fridovich glutathione peroxidase GSSG efflux Heart Disease hydrogen peroxide hydroxyl radical increased inhibition inhibitor intracellular ischemia and reperfusion ischemia/reperfusion ischemic isolated leukocytes levels lipid peroxidation liver Lucchesi lysosomes mechanisms mediated Meerson membrane metabolism microsomal mitochondrial muscle myocardial infarction myocardial ischemia myocardial stunning myocytes necrosis neutrophils observed oxidative stress oxygen free radicals oxygen radicals Pathophysiology of Heart perfused Pharmacol phospholipid Physiol postischemic dysfunction Proc production protection protein rabbit hearts rat heart reaction reduced release reoxygenation reperfusion-induced arrhythmias role Russ sarcoplasmic reticulum significant Singal species studies stunned myocardium suggest sulfhydryl superoxide dismutase tissue toxic ventricular vivo X-XO xanthine dehydrogenase xanthine oxidase