Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution |
Contents
HISTORICAL PREDECESSORSMORPHOLOGY | 10 |
EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY | 19 |
PALEONTOLOGY | 29 |
Copyright | |
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adult amniotes amphibians anatomical animal aorta aortic arches artery atrium axial birds bladder body bone box figure brain braincase branchial arches buccal cavity capillaries cardinal vein cartilage cells changes chordates cloaca coelom connective tissue cranial derived dermal dermis digestive dorsal duct ectoderm embryonic endocrine epidermis evolution evolutionary feeding fibers flow fluid follicle force fossil function gills girdle glands groups hagfishes heart hormones intercentrum intestine kidney lampreys larva lateral layer limb lizards locomotion lungfish lungs mammalian mammals mechanical membrane mesoderm morphology mouth muscle musculature nasal nerve nervous system neural crest neurons notochord olfactory organ ostracoderms oxygen pectoral pharyngeal slits phylogenetic placental posterior pressure prey primitive produce receptors region reptiles respiratory ribs salamanders sensory sensory receptors sharks sinus skeleton skin skull snakes species spinal cord structure surface tail teeth teleosts tetrapods therapsids tion tract tubules vein ventral ventricle vertebral column wall yolk